第1步:材料和程序
此構(gòu)建所需的材料包括:
- 1個(gè)伺服
- 1個(gè)超聲波傳感器
- 1個(gè)蜂鳴器
- 1面包板
- 1 UNO R3 Arduino
- 電線堆
制作此雷達(dá)所需的程序:
- Arduino IDE
- 處理3.4
要將上述程序下載到您的計(jì)算機(jī)上,請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊以下鏈接:
- https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/software
-https://processing.org/download/
第2步:Arduino代碼
這是arduino代碼,它基本上控制伺服和傳感器的運(yùn)動(dòng)和輸入。這是從youtube視頻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvmIutmQd9U復(fù)制而來(lái),似乎與我的arduino板和計(jì)算機(jī)很好地配合。
// Includes the servo library
#include 。
// Defines Trig and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor
const int trigPin = 10;
const int echoPin = 11;
#define buzzerPin A0 //Defines the pin A0 as an output to buzzerPin
// Variables for the duration and the distance
long duration;
int distance;
Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
Serial.begin(9600);
myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached
}
void loop() {
// rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees
for(int i=15;i《=165;i++){
myServo.write(i);
delay(30);
distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree
Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port
Serial.print(“,”); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port
Serial.print(“?!保? // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
tone(buzzerPin, 10000 / distance);
}
// Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees
for(int i=165;i》15;i--){
myServo.write(i);
delay(30);
distance = calculateDistance();
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(“,”);
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.print(“。”);
tone(buzzerPin, 10000 / distance); //Produces a different tone according to the distance the object is from the sensor
}
}
// Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor
int calculateDistance(){
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
distance= duration*0.034/2;
return distance;
}
步驟3:處理代碼
以下是我用于處理程序從超聲波傳感器獲取信息的代碼,并將其轉(zhuǎn)換為它創(chuàng)建的顯示。這是我從視頻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvmIutmQd9U復(fù)制的代碼,該代碼效果非常好,只需要進(jìn)行一些調(diào)整。
p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px ‘Helvetica Neue’; color: #000000; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000}
p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px ‘Helvetica Neue’; color: #000000; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000; min-height: 12.0px}
span.s1 {font-kerning: none}
import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port
import java.io.IOException;
Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial
// defubes variables
String angle=“”;
String distance=“”;
String data=“”;
String noObject;
float pixsDistance;
int iAngle, iDistance;
int index1=0;
int index2=0;
PFont orcFont;
void setup() {
size (1200, 700); // ***CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION***
smooth();
myPort = new Serial(this,“/dev/cu.usbmodem143401”, 9600); // starts the serial communication
myPort.bufferUntil(‘?!? // reads the data from the serial port up to the character ‘。’. So actually it reads this: angle,distance.
}
void draw() {
fill(98,245,31);
// simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line
noStroke();
fill(0,4);
rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065);
fill(98,245,31); // green color
// calls the functions for drawing the radar
drawRadar();
drawLine();
drawObject();
drawText();
}
void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port
// reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character ‘?!?and puts it into the String variable “data”。
data = myPort.readStringUntil(‘。’);
data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1);
index1 = data.indexOf(“,”); // find the character ‘,’ and puts it into the variable “index1”
angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position “0” to position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port
distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position “index1” to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance
// converts the String variables into Integer
iAngle = int(angle);
iDistance = int(distance);
}
void drawRadar() {
pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
noFill();
strokeWeight(2);
stroke(98,245,31);
// draws the arc lines
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.0625),(width-width*0.0625),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.27),(width-width*0.27),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.479),(width-width*0.479),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.687),(width-width*0.687),PI,TWO_PI);
// draws the angle lines
line(-width/2,0,width/2,0);
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(30)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(60)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(90)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(120)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(150)));
line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0);
popMatrix();
}
void drawObject() {
pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
strokeWeight(9);
stroke(255,10,10); // red color
pixsDistance = iDistance*((height-height*0.1666)*0.025); // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels
// limiting the range to 40 cms
if(iDistance《40){
// draws the object according to the angle and the distance
line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),(width-width*0.505)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(width-width*0.505)*sin(radians(iAngle)));
}
popMatrix();
}
void drawLine() {
pushMatrix();
strokeWeight(9);
stroke(30,250,60);
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
line(0,0,(height-height*0.12)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(height-height*0.12)*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle
popMatrix();
}
void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen
pushMatrix();
if(iDistance》40) {
noObject = “Out of Range”;
}
else {
noObject = “In Range”;
}
fill(0,0,0);
noStroke();
rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height);
fill(98,245,31);
textSize(25);
text(“10cm”,width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833);
text(“20cm”,width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833);
text(“30cm”,width-width*0.177,height-height*0.0833);
text(“40cm”,width-width*0.0729,height-height*0.0833);
textSize(40);
text(“Ryan‘s Radar”, width-width*0.875, height-height*0.0277);
text(“Angle: ” + iAngle +“ °”, width-width*0.48, height-height*0.0277);
text(“Distance: ”, width-width*0.26, height-height*0.0277);
if(iDistance《40) {
text(“ ” + iDistance +“ cm”, width-width*0.225, height-height*0.0277);
}
textSize(25);
fill(98,245,60);
translate((width-width*0.4994)+width/2*cos(radians(30)),(height-height*0.0907)-width/2*sin(radians(30)));
rotate(-radians(-60));
text(“30°”,0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate((width-width*0.503)+width/2*cos(radians(60)),(height-height*0.0888)-width/2*sin(radians(60)));
rotate(-radians(-30));
text(“60°”,0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate((width-width*0.507)+width/2*cos(radians(90)),(height-height*0.0833)-width/2*sin(radians(90)));
rotate(radians(0));
text(“90°”,0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate(width-width*0.513+width/2*cos(radians(120)),(height-height*0.07129)-width/2*sin(radians(120)));
rotate(radians(-30));
text(“120°”,0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate((width-width*0.5104)+width/2*cos(radians(150)),(height-height*0.0574)-width/2*sin(radians(150)));
rotate(radians(-60));
text(“150°”,0,0);
popMatrix();
}
步驟4:超聲波傳感器支架
由于我對(duì)此項(xiàng)目的啟發(fā)并未包含任何類型的支架來(lái)固定超聲波傳感器在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?,我決定3D打印這個(gè)支架是一個(gè)好主意,讓完成的設(shè)計(jì)看起來(lái)更整潔,并使一切更容易組合。保持超聲波傳感器的部分最終相對(duì)緊密地安裝在超聲波傳感器周圍,在保持其就位方面做得很好。然而,在下面切出的用于伺服臂進(jìn)入的孔有點(diǎn)太大,所以我需要添加很多膠水來(lái)保持它的位置。但總的來(lái)說(shuō),它的效果非常好,并且設(shè)計(jì)看起來(lái)很漂亮。
第5步:激光切割盒設(shè)計(jì)
實(shí)施此框以使項(xiàng)目具有干凈和專業(yè)的外觀。它在隱藏所有電線和arduino板本身方面做得很好。為了創(chuàng)建實(shí)際的盒子設(shè)計(jì),我使用網(wǎng)站http://www.makercase.com/來(lái)獲得手指邊緣以將盒子的每一側(cè)連接在一起。這是一個(gè)非常有用的網(wǎng)站,因?yàn)樗?jié)省了我大量的時(shí)間,并且非常容易使用。從雷達(dá)的成品中可以看出,我在設(shè)計(jì)的側(cè)面和頂部切出了測(cè)量孔,以便允許項(xiàng)目的部分需要在外面。這包括用于伺服的孔,我從下面粘到盒子上,連接到超聲波傳感器,蜂鳴器,以及從計(jì)算機(jī)到arduino板本身。這是相當(dāng)大的(盒子里有很多空間),但至少它給你很大的工作空間,沒有任何東西是狹窄的。如果你自己做一個(gè)盒子設(shè)計(jì),你肯定可以做得更小,一切都會(huì)適合。
步驟6:接線構(gòu)造
根據(jù)arduino代碼,超聲波傳感器必須連接到引腳10 11.雖然和所有超聲波傳感器一樣,它也必須連接到地和5V引腳。伺服必須連接到引腳12(myServo.attach(12);),它還必須連接到地和5V引腳。至于蜂鳴器,它只接地和模擬輸出引腳A0。一旦你為雷達(dá)附加了所有必要的物品,你的電路應(yīng)該看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)像上圖。此外,盡量保持一切整潔!一旦電路在盒子里,電線都非常纏結(jié),有可能一根或兩根電線滑出不到位置并導(dǎo)致雷達(dá)發(fā)生故障。它發(fā)生在我身上,我發(fā)現(xiàn)它從那時(shí)起就保持整潔,減少了這些事件的發(fā)生。
步驟7:組裝
使用強(qiáng)力超級(jí)膠水組裝激光切割盒,因此完成后不會(huì)有碎片分開雷達(dá)。我發(fā)現(xiàn)更容易使用一些書來(lái)支撐盒子的一側(cè),這樣我就可以粘上相鄰的一面。在那里拿著它約5分鐘后,我會(huì)繼續(xù)到下一側(cè),依此類推。記住不要粘上其中一端,因?yàn)槟泔@然需要放入并取出雷達(dá)。一旦盒子上的膠水硬化,您就可以繼續(xù)裝配。首先,我將蜂鳴器粘在外殼的頂部(如上圖所示),然后當(dāng)它干燥時(shí),我將電線穿過(guò)相對(duì)的孔并將它們連接到蜂鳴器上。當(dāng)談到伺服系統(tǒng)時(shí),我將伺服的小翼粘在盒子下面,所以只有伺服的頂部顯示出來(lái)。這使得整個(gè)產(chǎn)品看起來(lái)既美觀又保持其實(shí)用性,伺服頭可隨時(shí)輕松訪問(wèn)。然后使用3D打印支架中的超聲波傳感器,使用膠水將支架連接到伺服系統(tǒng),以確保其安全。完成后,您的項(xiàng)目即可進(jìn)行測(cè)試!
步驟8:執(zhí)行
首先將計(jì)算機(jī)連接到arduino板。接下來(lái),打開兩個(gè)程序。加載arduino代碼后,將其上傳到主板。這應(yīng)該開始伺服和蜂鳴器,因此會(huì)產(chǎn)生噪音,伺服也會(huì)相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。然后,當(dāng)加載處理代碼時(shí),單擊運(yùn)行,如果一切順利運(yùn)行,則應(yīng)顯示雷達(dá)的動(dòng)畫。如果沒有發(fā)生這種情況,請(qǐng)檢查您使用的端口名稱是否與代碼中的名稱完全相同。例如,如果我使用端口“/dev/cu.usbmodem143401”,請(qǐng)確保處理中的代碼行顯示“myPort = new Serial(this,”/dev/cu.usbmodem143401“,9600);”。這應(yīng)該解決所有問(wèn)題,它應(yīng)該運(yùn)行順利。啟動(dòng)和運(yùn)行的過(guò)程都可以在上面的視頻鏈接上看到它正在工作和檢測(cè)對(duì)象。
-
雷達(dá)
+關(guān)注
關(guān)注
50文章
3119瀏覽量
120119 -
Arduino
+關(guān)注
關(guān)注
190文章
6498瀏覽量
192187
發(fā)布評(píng)論請(qǐng)先 登錄
免費(fèi)分享Arduino入門+進(jìn)階(全套例程+書籍)

評(píng)論