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項(xiàng)目有些久遠(yuǎn)，前年的機(jī)器人上需要的功能，當(dāng)時是需要將STM32上的數(shù)據(jù)上傳到服務(wù)器，比如機(jī)器人的速度，行駛距離，是否在拍照等等。便于管理者在PC或者手機(jī)上了解機(jī)器人的工作狀態(tài)，同時可以遠(yuǎn)程下發(fā)指令給機(jī)器人，控制其完成相應(yīng)動作。因?yàn)樗械倪壿嬇袛嗪涂刂贫荚诜?wù)器或者STM32上面，作為中間的無線模塊僅僅需要上傳STM32的數(shù)據(jù)并接收服務(wù)器下發(fā)的指令即可，所以這里對WiFi模塊的要求不高，僅僅需要它作為透傳功能即可。當(dāng)時在選型的時候試過好幾款WiFi模塊，最終敲定了安信可的ESP8266，價格便宜，開發(fā)簡單，但是搭建環(huán)境是真的不容易，深受其害。選擇好模塊就該考慮使用AT指令還是使用SDK開發(fā)，AT指令固然簡單，但是局限性非常大。如果使用AT指令，我那開發(fā)控制端的同事估計(jì)就要跳腳了，代碼里需要寫一大堆的AT指令，如果功能改變，指令代碼就需要重寫，煩不勝煩。如果使用SDK開發(fā)，控制端只需發(fā)送簡單的數(shù)據(jù)就行，完全不用考慮其他任何東西，ESP8266完全當(dāng)做一個中轉(zhuǎn)站，相對應(yīng)的我的工作就會繁重，但是，我屈服了，選擇使用SDK。于是就有了下面基于NONOS 2.0的ESP8266串口透傳。主要有以下幾個功能：

純串口透傳，接收MCU串口數(shù)據(jù)，直接通過MQTT上傳到服務(wù)器，接收服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)下發(fā)給MCU。
smartconfig+airkiss配網(wǎng)，隨意使用，場景豐富。
最多儲存5個WIFI賬號和密碼，自動尋找網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接。
按鍵配網(wǎng)，長按重新配網(wǎng)，前一次WiFi自動儲存，添加配網(wǎng)指示燈。
OTA空中升級（待驗(yàn)證）

從程序的入口開始：

//程序入口void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR user_init(void){        uart_init(115200, 115200);        os_delay_us(60000);        keyInit();        set_uart_cb(uart_cb);
        PIN_FUNC_SELECT(PERIPHS_IO_MUX_MTDI_U, FUNC_GPIO12); //GPIO12初始化        GPIO_OUTPUT_SET(GPIO_ID_PIN(12), 0);//低電平
    get_mac();//獲取MAC地址
        wifi_set_opmode(STATION_MODE);        //設(shè)置wifi信息存儲數(shù)量，最大為5個        wifi_station_ap_number_set(2);
    mqtt_init();
        set_wifistate_cb(wifi_connect_cb, wifi_disconnect_cb);}

程序的入口先進(jìn)行串口初始化和按鍵的初始化，以及LED的初始化。串口要初始化波特率，按鍵初始化配網(wǎng)按鍵，用于短按配網(wǎng)，長按重新配網(wǎng)，LED只要用于判斷模塊是否進(jìn)入配網(wǎng)模式以及是否配網(wǎng)完成。
初始化完成后會首先讀取MAC地址，該地址是唯一的，每個模塊都不一樣，用于填充進(jìn)主題中，便于服務(wù)器區(qū)分不同設(shè)備，用于多臺量產(chǎn)設(shè)備的使用，在連接MQTT服務(wù)器時會自動填充。

每連接一次WiFi都會將WiFi信息保存在模塊內(nèi)部，每次上電都會自動掃描暴露的WiFi，直接連接，就像手機(jī)的WIFI連接，目前最大支持五個WiFi信息的保存，超過5個會剔除最早的WiFi信息，通過短按D5(GPIO14)可進(jìn)入配網(wǎng)模式。

/***         按鍵短按回調(diào)*/LOCAL void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR key1ShortPress(void) {
        start_smartconfig(smartconfig_cd);        INFO("start_smartconfig
");}/***         按鍵長按回調(diào)*/LOCAL void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR key1LongPress(void) {
        start_smartconfig(smartconfig_cd);        INFO("start_smartconfig
");}/***         按鍵初始化*/LOCAL void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR keyInit(void) {
        //設(shè)置按鍵數(shù)量        set_key_num(1);        //長按、短按的按鍵回調(diào)        key_add(D5, NULL, key1ShortPress);        key_add(D5, NULL, key1LongPress);
}

由于找不到最新的代碼。這里的長按我沒做處理，應(yīng)該是斷開WiFi重新進(jìn)入配網(wǎng)模式，或者軟復(fù)位模塊，再進(jìn)入start_smartconfig（）函數(shù)：

/*** 開始Smartconfig配置  * @param  cd: Smartconfig狀態(tài)回調(diào)* @retval None*/void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR start_smartconfig(smartconfig_cd_t cd) {        smartconfig_flag = 1;        smartconfig_set_type(SC_TYPE_ESPTOUCH_AIRKISS); //SC_TYPE_ESPTOUCH,SC_TYPE_AIRKISS,SC_TYPE_ESPTOUCH_AIRKISS        wifi_station_disconnect();        wifi_set_opmode(STATION_MODE);        finish_cd = cd;        smartconfig_start(smartconfig_done);        os_timer_disarm(&OS_Timer_Wifichange);        // 關(guān)閉定時器
        if(connect_flag == 1){                w_disconnect();                connect_flag = 0;        }
        os_timer_disarm(&OS_Timer_SM);        // 關(guān)閉定時器        os_timer_setfn(&OS_Timer_SM, (os_timer_func_t *) sm_wait_time, NULL);// 設(shè)置定時器        os_timer_arm(&OS_Timer_SM, 1000, 1);  // 使能定時器}

smartconfig_set_type();函數(shù)可選3個參數(shù)：分別是：SC_TYPE_ESPTOUCH、SC_TYPE_AIRKISS和SC_TYPE_ESPTOUCH_AIRKISS
第一個是smartconfig配網(wǎng)（手機(jī)APP），第二個是airkiss配網(wǎng)（微信公眾號），最后一個兩者都可以。進(jìn)入該函數(shù)會調(diào)用smartconfig_start();，該函數(shù)會調(diào)用smartconfig_done（）函數(shù)進(jìn)行配網(wǎng)，配網(wǎng)成功后會點(diǎn)亮LED燈。

/*** Smartconfig 狀態(tài)處理* @param  status: 狀態(tài)* @param  *pdata: AP數(shù)據(jù)* @retval None*/void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTRsmartconfig_done(sc_status status, void *pdata) {        switch (status) {        case SC_STATUS_WAIT:                INFO("SC_STATUS_WAIT
");                break;        case SC_STATUS_FIND_CHANNEL:                INFO("SC_STATUS_FIND_CHANNEL
");                break;        case SC_STATUS_GETTING_SSID_PSWD:                INFO("SC_STATUS_GETTING_SSID_PSWD
");                sc_type *type = pdata;                if (*type == SC_TYPE_ESPTOUCH) {                        INFO("SC_TYPE:SC_TYPE_ESPTOUCH
");                } else {                        INFO("SC_TYPE:SC_TYPE_AIRKISS
");                }                break;        case SC_STATUS_LINK:                INFO("SC_STATUS_LINK
");                sm_comfig_status = SM_STATUS_GETINFO;                struct station_config *sta_conf = pdata;                wifi_station_set_config(sta_conf);                wifi_station_disconnect();                wifi_station_connect();                break;        case SC_STATUS_LINK_OVER:                sm_comfig_status = SM_STATUS_FINISH;                INFO("SC_STATUS_LINK_OVER
");                if (pdata != NULL) {                        //SC_TYPE_ESPTOUCH                        uint8 phone_ip[4] = { 0 };                        os_memcpy(phone_ip, (uint8*) pdata, 4);                        INFO("Phone ip: %d.%d.%d.%d
", phone_ip[0], phone_ip[1],                                        phone_ip[2], phone_ip[3]);                } else {                        //SC_TYPE_AIRKISS - support airkiss v2.0                        airkiss_start_discover();                }                smartconfig_stop();                smartconfig_flag = 0;                connect_flag = 0;                os_timer_disarm(&OS_Timer_SM);        // 關(guān)閉定時器                finish_cd(sm_comfig_status);                os_timer_arm(&OS_Timer_Wifichange, 3000, 1);  // 使能定時器                break;        }
}
/***         WIFI連接回調(diào)*/void wifi_connect_cb(void){
        INFO("wifi connect!
");        os_printf("----- WiFi連接成功，打開綠燈---
");        GPIO_OUTPUT_SET(GPIO_ID_PIN(12), 1);        MQTT_Connect(&mqttClient);}
/***         WIFI斷開回調(diào)*/void wifi_disconnect_cb(void){        INFO("wifi disconnect!
");        os_printf("----- WiFi斷開，關(guān)閉綠燈---
");        GPIO_OUTPUT_SET(GPIO_ID_PIN(12), 0);        MQTT_Disconnect(&mqttClient);}

連接MQTT服務(wù)器：

網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接成功以后可以開始MQTT的初始化，初始化包涵一系列的連接初始化回調(diào)，連接成功或不成功回調(diào)，主題訂閱發(fā)布回調(diào)等等。

/***         MQTT初始化*/void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR mqtt_init(void) {
        MQTT_InitConnection(&mqttClient, MQTT_HOST, MQTT_PORT, DEFAULT_SECURITY);        MQTT_InitClient(&mqttClient, mac_str, MQTT_USER,MQTT_PASS, MQTT_KEEPALIVE, 1);        MQTT_InitLWT(&mqttClient, lwt_topic, LWT_MESSAGE, 0, 0);        MQTT_OnConnected(&mqttClient, mqttConnectedCb);        MQTT_OnDisconnected(&mqttClient, mqttDisconnectedCb);        MQTT_OnPublished(&mqttClient, mqttPublishedCb);        MQTT_OnData(&mqttClient, mqttDataCb);}
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTRMQTT_InitConnection(MQTT_Client *mqttClient, uint8_t* host, uint32_t port, uint8_t security){        uint32_t temp;        INFO("MQTT_InitConnection
");        os_memset(mqttClient, 0, sizeof(MQTT_Client));        temp = os_strlen(host);        mqttClient->host = (uint8_t*)os_zalloc(temp + 1);        os_strcpy(mqttClient->host, host);        mqttClient->host[temp] = 0;        mqttClient->port = port;        mqttClient->security = security;
}
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTRMQTT_InitClient(MQTT_Client *mqttClient, uint8_t* client_id, uint8_t* client_user, uint8_t* client_pass, uint32_t keepAliveTime, uint8_t cleanSession){        uint32_t temp;        INFO("MQTT_InitClient
");        os_printf("CD MQTT_InitClient++++++++++++++++++++++
");        os_memset(&mqttClient->connect_info, 0, sizeof(mqtt_connect_info_t));
        temp = os_strlen(client_id);        mqttClient->connect_info.client_id = (uint8_t*)os_zalloc(temp + 1);        os_strcpy(mqttClient->connect_info.client_id, client_id);        mqttClient->connect_info.client_id[temp] = 0;
        if (client_user)        {                temp = os_strlen(client_user);                mqttClient->connect_info.username = (uint8_t*)os_zalloc(temp + 1);                os_strcpy(mqttClient->connect_info.username, client_user);                mqttClient->connect_info.username[temp] = 0;        }
        if (client_pass)        {                temp = os_strlen(client_pass);                mqttClient->connect_info.password = (uint8_t*)os_zalloc(temp + 1);                os_strcpy(mqttClient->connect_info.password, client_pass);                mqttClient->connect_info.password[temp] = 0;        }

        mqttClient->connect_info.keepalive = keepAliveTime;        mqttClient->connect_info.clean_session = cleanSession;
        mqttClient->mqtt_state.in_buffer = (uint8_t *)os_zalloc(MQTT_BUF_SIZE);        mqttClient->mqtt_state.in_buffer_length = MQTT_BUF_SIZE;        mqttClient->mqtt_state.out_buffer =  (uint8_t *)os_zalloc(MQTT_BUF_SIZE);        mqttClient->mqtt_state.out_buffer_length = MQTT_BUF_SIZE;        mqttClient->mqtt_state.connect_info = &mqttClient->connect_info;
        mqtt_msg_init(&mqttClient->mqtt_state.mqtt_connection, mqttClient->mqtt_state.out_buffer, mqttClient->mqtt_state.out_buffer_length);
        QUEUE_Init(&mqttClient->msgQueue, QUEUE_BUFFER_SIZE);
        system_os_task(MQTT_Task, MQTT_TASK_PRIO, mqtt_procTaskQueue, MQTT_TASK_QUEUE_SIZE);        system_os_post(MQTT_TASK_PRIO, 0, (os_param_t)mqttClient);}

WiFi連接成功和失敗會觸發(fā)不同的回調(diào)函數(shù)：

/***         MQTT連接回調(diào)*/void mqttConnectedCb(uint32_t *args) {        MQTT_Client* client = (MQTT_Client*) args;
        INFO("MQTT: Connected
");        MQTT_Publish(client, birth_topic, BIRTH_MESSAGE, os_strlen(BIRTH_MESSAGE), 0,0);        MQTT_Subscribe(client,ota_topic, 0);        if(updata_status_check()){                MQTT_Publish(client, ota_topic, "updata_finish", os_strlen("updata_finish"), 0,0);        }}/**
*         MQTT斷開連接回調(diào)*/void mqttDisconnectedCb(uint32_t *args) {        MQTT_Client* client = (MQTT_Client*) args;        INFO("MQTT: Disconnected
");}
/***         MQTT發(fā)布消息回調(diào)*/void mqttPublishedCb(uint32_t *args) {        MQTT_Client* client = (MQTT_Client*) args;        INFO("MQTT: Published
");}

串口透傳：
當(dāng)模塊的WiFi和MQTT服務(wù)器都連接上之后，模塊就開始監(jiān)聽串口和服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)，如果串口有數(shù)據(jù)過來便轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到服務(wù)器或者進(jìn)行OTA升級，如果服務(wù)器有指令下發(fā)就轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給串口。

/***         MQTT接收數(shù)據(jù)回調(diào)（用于OTA升級和串口透傳）*/void mqttDataCb(uint32_t *args, const char* topic, uint32_t topic_len,                const char *data, uint32_t data_len) {        char *topicBuf = (char*) os_zalloc(topic_len + 1), *dataBuf =                        (char*) os_zalloc(data_len + 1);
        uint8 *pdata = (uint8*)data;        uint16 len = data_len;        uart0_tx_buffer(pdata, len);//串口輸出
        MQTT_Client* client = (MQTT_Client*) args;
        os_memcpy(topicBuf, topic, topic_len);        topicBuf[topic_len] = 0;
        os_memcpy(dataBuf, data, data_len);        dataBuf[data_len] = 0;
//        INFO("Receive topic: %s, data: %s 
", topicBuf, dataBuf);
        //data = {"url"="http://yourdomain.com:9001/ota/"}        if (os_strcmp(topicBuf, ota_topic) == 0) {                char url_data[200];                if(get_josn_str(dataBuf,"url",url_data)){//            INFO("ota_start
");            ota_upgrade(url_data,ota_finished_callback);                }        }
        os_free(topicBuf);        os_free(dataBuf);


}
/***         ota升級回調(diào)*/void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR ota_finished_callback(void * arg) {        struct upgrade_server_info *update = arg;        if (update->upgrade_flag == true) {                INFO("OTA  Success ! rebooting!
");                system_upgrade_reboot();        } else {                INFO("OTA Failed!
");        }}

其他問題：連接的服務(wù)器地址，端口號等信息需要寫在代碼里燒錄進(jìn)模塊，這些信息在在mqtt_config.h文件中定義。

上電后可以在串口助手看到打印的MAC地址：

按下配網(wǎng)按鍵（GPIO14接地），進(jìn)入配網(wǎng)模式，使用APP或者微信公眾號將信息發(fā)給模塊便可聯(lián)網(wǎng)，聯(lián)網(wǎng)后自動連接MQTT服務(wù)器。

至此連接完成，后續(xù)只需要串口發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)給模塊，便可在服務(wù)器收到信息，服務(wù)器下發(fā)指令，單片機(jī)串口也可以接收到數(shù)據(jù)。但是要記得訂閱主題哦。該透傳代碼燒錄完成可搭配任意MCU的串口使用。非常便捷。由于項(xiàng)目期較遠(yuǎn)，可能介紹的不是很詳細(xì)，需要的大大們可以點(diǎn)擊閱讀原文回帖獲取源碼。自行查看。

責(zé)任編輯：xj

原文標(biāo)題：什么？單片機(jī)還在裸奔？ESP8266純串口透傳，助力設(shè)備上云端

文章出處：【微信公眾號：嵌入式ARM】歡迎添加關(guān)注！文章轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。

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