摘 要

我們都知道公交站臺上的廣告牌，里面充斥著各種電線，由于風(fēng)吹日曬，再加上缺乏維護，有些是燈直接不亮，有些是出現(xiàn)漏電現(xiàn)象。由于供電線路長期在戶外使用，運行環(huán)境較為惡劣，而且在設(shè)計或建設(shè)時采用的安全等級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和防護等級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不高等，供電線路容易老化失效、出現(xiàn)漏電現(xiàn)象。對于單個公交車站臺或者公交崗?fù)み@種孤島系統(tǒng)來說，如果供電系統(tǒng)采用配電箱集中供電，適宜在主控制箱內(nèi)設(shè)置剩余電流監(jiān)測儀，實時監(jiān)測各個回路的漏電情況，分配電回路配置30mA動作電流無延時剩余電流繼電器或者30mA漏電保護開關(guān)進行保護。

Abstract: We all know that the billboards on the bus sations are full of various wires. Due to the wind and sun, and lack of maintenance, some of the lights do not turn on directly, and some of them are leaking. The power supply lines are always used outdoors for a long time, the operating environment is harsh, and the safety level and protection level standards adopted in the design or construction are not so high, the power supply circuit are ofen too aging, become invalid and leakage. For an island system such as a single bus station or a bus guard post, if the power supply system adopts a distribution box for centralized power supply, it is appropriate to install a residual current monitor in the main control box to monitor the leakage of each circuit in real time and distribution circuit, configuration 30mA relay of residual current with no delay in action current and or 30mA leakage protect switch for protection.

關(guān)鍵詞：景觀噴泉；噴水池；人身觸電；接地故障；觸電保護

Keywords: landscape fountain; fountain; personal electric shock; ground fault; electric shock protection

1 行業(yè)背景

2019年5月26日下午，杭州余杭街道湖山帝景灣小區(qū)，兩名女童被發(fā)現(xiàn)倒在小區(qū)景觀步道積水中，再也沒能醒來。根據(jù)余杭街道的通報和新聞媒體的報導(dǎo)，初步判斷這次悲劇可能為觸電引發(fā)。

On the afternoon of May 26, 2019, two girls were found lying in the stagnant water on the scenic trail in the Hushan Dijingwan Community, Yuhang Street, Hangzhou, and never woke up again. According to reports from Yuhang Street and news medias, it’s preliminarily judged that this tragedy may be caused by an electric shock.

這種事情的發(fā)生，已經(jīng)不是頭一次了。這些年，關(guān)于孩子們在小區(qū)內(nèi)，特別是噴泉池附近觸電身亡的例子，可以說屢見不鮮。2013年8月9日下午，北京朝陽公園內(nèi)酷迪寵物樂園供小狗游泳的噴泉漏電，導(dǎo)致兩只寵物狗被電死，狗主人下水救觸電的愛犬，也遭觸電不治身亡。每出現(xiàn)一次，都是在社會的良心上劃上一道深深的口子。

This is not the first time that happened. During the recent years, there had many cases that children were electrocuted in the community, especially near the fountain pool. On the afternoon of August 9, 2013, in Kudi Pet Park in Beijing Chaoyang Park,two pet dogs died because of the electric shock in the fountain where dogs swim,not only that the owner of the dogs also being electrocuted when he went into the water to save his pet dog,and died at last. Every time when these things appears, it marks a deep hole in the conscience of society.

對于一些正常使用時不讓人進入的噴水池或者景觀噴泉，相關(guān)人群比較安全，但是某些人群可以進入的噴水池和景觀噴泉，當(dāng)人群進入后，人體的阻抗降低，接觸路徑的阻抗降到較小值，因此，具有更大的電擊危險性。而且此類場所尤其是孩童較多。

For some fountains or landscape fountains that are not allowed to enter during using,people are safer, but there are still some fountains and landscape fountains that peple can enter, It has greater risk of electric shock when the crowd enters, the impedance of the human body decreases, and the impedance of the contact path drops to a small value.,and usually,there are especially more children in these places.

為了保障人民群眾生命安全，全文強制性規(guī)范《建筑電氣及智能化通用規(guī)范》（報批稿）第4.6.5條明確規(guī)定：

當(dāng)采用剩余電流動作保護器（RCD）作為電擊防護附加防護措施時，應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：

1、額定剩余電流動作值不應(yīng)大于30mA；

2、額定電流不超過32A的下列回路應(yīng)裝設(shè)剩余電流動作保護器（RCD）；

2.1供一般人員使用的電源插座回路；

2.2 室內(nèi)移動電氣設(shè)備；

2.3人員可觸及的室外電氣設(shè)備。

3、剩余電流動作保護器（RCD）應(yīng)作為保護措施之一；

4、采用剩余電流動作保護器（RCD）時應(yīng)裝設(shè)保護接地導(dǎo)體（PE）。

In order to protect lives of people,in Article 4.6.5: of 《General specification for building electrical and intelligent》(draft for approval),it clearly defined that:

When a residual current device (RCD) is used as an additional protective measure for electric shock protection, the following requirements shall be met:

1. The rated residual current action value should not be greater than 30mA;

2. The following circuits that under 32A should be equipped with a residual current device (RCD);

2.1 Circuit of electric supply socket for general personnel;

2.2 Mobile electrical equipment indoor;

2.3 Electrical equipment outdoor that people can touch;

3 Residual current device (RCD) should be used as one of the protection measures;

4 When using residual current device (RCD), a protective earthing conductor (PE) should be installed.

GB/T22387-2016剩余電流動作繼電器產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中明確規(guī)定，

游泳池、噴水池、浴室、浴池的電氣設(shè)備，安裝在水中的供電線路和設(shè)備，應(yīng)安裝剩余電流動作繼電器作為防護手段。

The standard of residual current operated relay in GB/T22387-2016 clearly stipulate,

Residual current operated relay should be equipped as a means of protection on equipments installed in water,such as electrical equipments in swimming pools, fountains, bathrooms, and baths.

2 產(chǎn)品介紹

ASJ系列剩余電流動作繼電器和多回路剩余電流監(jiān)測儀可與低壓斷路器或低壓接觸器等組成組合式剩余電流保護裝置，主要適用于交流50Hz，額定電壓400V及以下的TT和TN系統(tǒng)配電線路，用來對電氣線路進行接地故障保護，防止接地故障電流引起的設(shè)備損壞和電氣火災(zāi)事故，也可用來對人身觸電危險提供間接接觸保護。

The ASJ series residual current operated relays and multi-circuit residual current monitors can be made up into a residual current device with low-voltage circuit breaker and low-voltage contactor,that mainly suitable for AC 50Hz, rated voltage 400V and below TT and TN system power distribution lines.It can be used to protect electrical circuits from ground faults,prevent the damage of equipment and electrical fire accidents by fault of currents,and it can also provide indirect contact protection against personal electric shock hazards.

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ASJ10/20系列剩余電流動作繼電器

ASJ10/20 series residual current operated relays

ASJ60系列剩余電流監(jiān)測儀

ASJ60 series residual current monitor

3 功能介紹

ASJ10/20系列剩余電流動作繼電器具有以下功能：A型或者AC型剩余電流測量，剩余電流越限報警指示，額定剩余動作電流可設(shè)定，不驅(qū)動時間可設(shè)定，兩組繼電器輸出，具有就地，遠程“測試”、“復(fù)位”功能；

The ASJ10/20 series residual current operated relays have the following functions: A-type or AC-type residual current measurement, while the alarm of the residual current over-limit instruct, rated residual operating current can be set,limit non-driving time can be set, two sets of relay outputs, with on-site, remote "test" and "reset" functions;

ASJ60系列剩余電流監(jiān)測儀具有以下功能：16路剩余電流監(jiān)測，1路預(yù)警繼電器輸出，16路報警繼電器輸出，2路DI輸入，自動重合閘功能，遠程通訊功能，遠程分合閘功能。

The ASJ60 series residual current monitor has the following functions: 16 residual current monitoring, 1 warning relay output, 16 alarm relay output, 2 DI input, automatic reclosing function, remote communication function, remote opening and closing function.

4 技術(shù)指標(biāo)

ASJ10/20系列剩余電流動作繼電器技術(shù)指標(biāo)

ASJ10/20 series residual current action relay technical indicators

ASJ60系列剩余電流監(jiān)測儀技術(shù)指標(biāo)

Technical indicators of ASJ60 series residual current monitor

5 選用說明

剩余電流動作繼電器在應(yīng)用時應(yīng)注意低壓系統(tǒng)的接線型式。

We should pay attention to the type of low-voltage system when the residual current operated relay is use.

其余接線型式需要改造成以上兩種型式使用，防止出線誤動作或者不動作的情況。

Other remaining wiring types need to be transformed into the two types above to prevent misoperation or failure ofthe outlet.

剩余電流互感器的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)主回路的額定電流為參考選擇。

The selection of residual current transformer should be based on the rated current of the main circuit as a reference.

實際應(yīng)如圖所示，互感器安裝在主回路或者支路上，通過測量剩余電流判斷是否驅(qū)動斷路器動作。

Actually, as shown in the figure, the transformer is installed on the main circuit or branch,and judge whether to drive the circuit breaker by measuring the residual current.

ASJ10/20剩余電流繼電器典型應(yīng)用

ASJ60剩余電流監(jiān)測儀典型應(yīng)用

6 結(jié)語

對于噴水池或者景觀噴泉的觸電事故，出現(xiàn)這些問題很大程度上是管理問題，如果在精細化管理上下功夫，確實能夠解決。如果景觀噴泉常人一般人無法觸及，則不會有觸電事故。普通噴水池也可加裝圍欄等。如果不加圍欄或者隨時可以進入噴泉區(qū)域，還是存在安全隱患。

For electric shock accidents of fountains or landscape fountains, these problems are management problem largely. If you work hard on fine management, it can indeed be solved. If the landscape fountain cannot be touched by ordinary people, there will be no electric shock accidents. Ordinary fountains can also be equipped with fences. If there is no fence or you can enter the fountain area at any time, there is still a safety hazard.

對于此類問題，可以從技術(shù)上管控。景觀噴泉中景觀燈、地埋燈以及公共區(qū)域的燈帶，全部強制性要求使用24伏乃至12伏安全電。白天全部斷開，只在夜晚開放，采用繼電器控制的方式。同時強制性安裝漏電保護裝置，緊急情況下自動斷電。

For such problems, it can be controlled by technology . 24 volts or even 12 volts of safety electricity must be used in landscape fountains, landscape lights, underground lights, and light strips in public areas. All lights are disconnected during the day and only open at night, using relay control. At the same time, it is mandatory to install a leakage protection device to cut off the power automaticly in case of emergency.

同時應(yīng)該做好監(jiān)督工作。一方面，做好常態(tài)化的監(jiān)督。另一方面，相關(guān)單位不定期進行檢查，防止線路老化，破損等現(xiàn)象。

At the same time, supervision should be done well. On one hand, doing a good job of normalized supervision,and on the other hand, relevant units should conduct inspections from time to time to prevent line aging and damage.