目錄

OpenTracing規(guī)范

為什么需要OpenTracing

什么是一個(gè)Trace

一個(gè)典型的Trace案例

Skywalking

功能介紹

整體架構(gòu)

Tracing、Logging和Metrics

.NET6 對(duì)接 Skywalking

添加依賴

編輯Skywalking配置文件skyapm.json

在launchSettings.json文件配置SK

在startup.cs文件中添加

安裝CLI（SkyAPM.DotNet.CLI）

自動(dòng)生成skyapm.json文件

手動(dòng)編寫skyapm.json

自動(dòng)生成Skyapm.json

獲取traceId

自定義調(diào)用鏈路的信息

部署Skywalking環(huán)境

對(duì)接.NET6 程序

接入微服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān)+后臺(tái)微服務(wù)

添加依賴

拷貝配置文件并簡(jiǎn)單修改

在launchsettings.json添加環(huán)境變量

啟動(dòng)訂單微服務(wù)

添加依賴

拷貝配置文件并簡(jiǎn)單修改

在launchsettings.json添加環(huán)境變量

修改網(wǎng)關(guān)配置文件，添加OrderServiceInstance微服務(wù)的路由

啟動(dòng)網(wǎng)關(guān)

網(wǎng)關(guān)接入

訂單微服務(wù)接入

用戶微服務(wù)接入

配置Skywalking告警

配置告警規(guī)則

查閱配置規(guī)則文件及配置規(guī)則解讀

修改告警規(guī)則

告警API編寫

OpenTracing規(guī)范

OpenTracing是一種分布式系統(tǒng)鏈路跟蹤的設(shè)計(jì)原則、規(guī)范、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。類似JDBC的規(guī)范，主要為了提供一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的JDBC API。OpenTracing也是一樣，是為了統(tǒng)一提供一套鏈路追蹤的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)API，所制定的一種規(guī)范。OpenTracing通過提供平臺(tái)無關(guān)、廠商無關(guān)的API，使得開發(fā)人員能夠方便的添加（或更換）追蹤系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

為什么需要OpenTracing

OpenTracing通過提供平臺(tái)無關(guān)、廠商無關(guān)的API，使得開發(fā)人員能夠方便的添加（或更換）追蹤系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 OpenTracing提供了用于運(yùn)營(yíng)支撐系統(tǒng)的和針對(duì)特定平臺(tái)的輔助程序庫。

什么是一個(gè)Trace

在廣義上，一個(gè)trace代表了一個(gè)事務(wù)或者流程在（分布式）系統(tǒng)中的執(zhí)行過程。在OpenTracing標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，trace是多個(gè)span組成的一個(gè)有向無環(huán)圖（DAG），每一個(gè)span代表trace中被命名并計(jì)時(shí)的連續(xù)性的執(zhí)行片段。

分布式追蹤中的每個(gè)組件都包含自己的一個(gè)或者多個(gè)span。例如，在一個(gè)常規(guī)的RPC調(diào)用過程中，OpenTracing推薦在RPC的客戶端和服務(wù)端，至少各有一個(gè)span，用于記錄RPC調(diào)用的客戶端和服務(wù)端信息。

一個(gè)父級(jí)的span會(huì)顯示的并行或者串行啟動(dòng)多個(gè)子span。在OpenTracing標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，甚至允許一個(gè)子span有個(gè)多父span（例如：并行寫入的緩存，可能通過一次刷新操作寫入動(dòng)作）。

一個(gè)典型的Trace案例

在一個(gè)分布式系統(tǒng)中，追蹤一個(gè)事務(wù)或者調(diào)用流一般如上圖所示。雖然這種圖對(duì)于看清各組件的組合關(guān)系是很有用的，但是，它不能很好顯示組件的調(diào)用時(shí)間，是串行調(diào)用還是并行調(diào)用，如果展現(xiàn)更復(fù)雜的調(diào)用關(guān)系，會(huì)更加復(fù)雜，甚至無法畫出這樣的圖。另外，這種圖也無法顯示調(diào)用間的時(shí)間間隔以及是否通過定時(shí)調(diào)用來啟動(dòng)調(diào)用。一種更有效的展現(xiàn)一個(gè)典型的trace過程，如下圖所示：

這種展現(xiàn)方式增加顯示了執(zhí)行時(shí)間的上下文，相關(guān)服務(wù)間的層次關(guān)系，進(jìn)程或者任務(wù)的串行或并行調(diào)用關(guān)系。這樣的視圖有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的關(guān)鍵路徑。通過關(guān)注關(guān)鍵路徑的執(zhí)行過程，項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)可能專注于優(yōu)化路徑中的關(guān)鍵位置，最大幅度的提升系統(tǒng)性能。例如：可以通過追蹤一個(gè)資源定位的調(diào)用情況，明確底層的調(diào)用情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些操作有阻塞的情況。

Skywalking

Skywalking是一款A(yù)PM（Application Performance Management & Monitoring）系統(tǒng)。Skywalking是分布式系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用程序性能監(jiān)視工具，專為微服務(wù)、云原生架構(gòu)和基于容器（Docker、K8s、Mesos）架構(gòu)而設(shè)計(jì)。提供分布式追蹤、服務(wù)網(wǎng)格遙測(cè)分析、度量聚合和可視化一體化解決方案。

功能介紹

多種監(jiān)控手段?？梢酝ㄟ^語言探針和 service mesh 獲得監(jiān)控是數(shù)據(jù)。

多個(gè)語言自動(dòng)探針。包括 Java，.NET Core 和 Node.JS。

輕量高效。無需大數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)，和大量的服務(wù)器資源。

模塊化。UI、存儲(chǔ)、集群管理都有多種機(jī)制可選。

支持告警。

優(yōu)秀的可視化解決方案。

整體架構(gòu)

整個(gè)架構(gòu)，分成上、下、左、右四部分：

探針基于不同的來源可能是不一樣的, 但作用都是收集數(shù)據(jù), 將數(shù)據(jù)格式化為 SkyWalking 適用的格式.

平臺(tái)后端是一個(gè)支持集群模式運(yùn)行的后臺(tái), 用于數(shù)據(jù)聚合, 數(shù)據(jù)分析以及驅(qū)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)流從探針到用戶界面的流程. 平臺(tái)后端還提供了各種可插拔的能力, 如不同來源數(shù)據(jù)(如來自 Zipkin)格式化, 不同存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)以及集群管理. 你甚至還可以使用觀測(cè)分析語言來進(jìn)行自定義聚合分析.

存儲(chǔ)是開放式的. 你可以選擇一個(gè)既有的存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng), 如 ElasticSearch, H2 或 MySQL 集群(Sharding-Sphere 管理), 也可以選擇自己實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng). 當(dāng)然, 我們非常歡迎你貢獻(xiàn)新的存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn).

用戶界面對(duì)于 SkyWalking 的最終用戶來說非常炫酷且強(qiáng)大. 同樣它也是可定制以匹配你已存在的后端的

Tracing、Logging和Metrics

在微服務(wù)領(lǐng)域，很早以來就形成了Tracing、Logging和Metrics相輔相成，合力支撐多維度、多形態(tài)的監(jiān)控體系，三類監(jiān)控各有側(cè)重：

Tracing：它在單次請(qǐng)求的范圍內(nèi)，處理信息。 任何的數(shù)據(jù)、元數(shù)據(jù)信息都被綁定到系統(tǒng)中的單個(gè)事務(wù)上。例如：一次調(diào)用遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)的RPC執(zhí)行過程；一次實(shí)際的SQL查詢語句；一次HTTP請(qǐng)求的業(yè)務(wù)性ID；

Logging：日志，不知道大家有沒有想過它的定義或者邊界。Logging即是記錄處理的離散事件，比如我們應(yīng)用的調(diào)試信息或者錯(cuò)誤信息等發(fā)送到ES；審計(jì)跟蹤時(shí)間信息通過Kafka處理送到BigTable等數(shù)據(jù)倉儲(chǔ)等等，大多數(shù)情況下記錄的數(shù)據(jù)很分散，并且相互獨(dú)立，也許是錯(cuò)誤信息，也許僅僅只是記錄當(dāng)前的事件狀態(tài)，或者是警告信息等等。

Metrics：當(dāng)我們想知道我們服務(wù)的請(qǐng)求QPS是多少，或者當(dāng)天的用戶登錄次數(shù)等等，這時(shí)我們可能需要將一部分事件進(jìn)行聚合或計(jì)數(shù)，也就是我們說的Metrics?？删酆闲约词荕etrics的特征，它們是一段時(shí)間內(nèi)某個(gè)度量（計(jì)數(shù)器或者直方圖）的原子或者是元數(shù)據(jù)。例如接收的HTTP數(shù)量可以被建模為計(jì)數(shù)器，每次的HTTP請(qǐng)求即是我們的度量元數(shù)據(jù)，可以進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的加法聚合，當(dāng)持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間我們又可以建模為直方圖。

.NET6 對(duì)接 Skywalking

部署Skywalking環(huán)境

version: '3.3'
services:
  elasticsearch:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.5.0
    container_name: elasticsearch
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 9200:9200
    environment:
      - discovery.type=single-node
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms256m -Xmx256m"
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
  oap:
    image: apache/skywalking-oap-server:6.6.0-es7
    container_name: oap
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch
    links:
      - elasticsearch
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 11800:11800
      - 12800:12800
    environment:
      SW_STORAGE: elasticsearch
      SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES: elasticsearch:9200
  ui:
    image: apache/skywalking-ui:6.6.0
    container_name: ui
    depends_on:
      - oap
    links:
      - oap
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
    environment:
      SW_OAP_ADDRESS: http://oap:12800

安裝成功以后首頁地址：http://服務(wù)器IP:8080

對(duì)接.NET6 程序

添加依賴

編輯Skywalking配置文件skyapm.json

手動(dòng)編寫skyapm.json

{
  "SkyWalking": {
    "ServiceName": "MySkyWalkingDemoTest",
    "Namespace": "",
    "HeaderVersions": [
      "sw8"
    ],
    "Sampling": {
      "SamplePer3Secs": -1,
      "Percentage": -1.0
    },
    "Logging": {
      "Level": "Information",
      "FilePath": "logs\skyapm-{Date}.log"
    },
    "Transport": {
      "Interval": 3000,
      "ProtocolVersion": "v8",
      "QueueSize": 30000,
      "BatchSize": 3000,
      "gRPC": {
        "Servers": "192.168.3.245:11800",
        "Timeout": 10000,
        "ConnectTimeout": 10000,
        "ReportTimeout": 600000,
        "Authentication": ""
      }
    }
  }
}

自動(dòng)生成Skyapm.json

安裝CLI（SkyAPM.DotNet.CLI）

 dotnet tool install -g SkyAPM.DotNet.CLI

自動(dòng)生成skyapm.json文件

server name指的就是您剛才配置的SKYWALKING__SERVICENAME，server指的是您Skywalking的ip地址。執(zhí)行命令后，會(huì)自動(dòng)生成一個(gè)skywalking.json 。

 dotnet skyapm config [service name] [server]:11800
 #eg: dotnet skyapm config MySkyWalking_OrderService 192.168.3.245:11800

SkyAPM Config 配置說明

ServiceName
服務(wù)名稱

Sampling
采樣配置節(jié)點(diǎn)

SamplePer3Secs 每3秒采樣數(shù)

Percentage 采樣百分比，例如10%采樣則配置為10

Logging
日志配置節(jié)點(diǎn)

Level 日志級(jí)別

FilePath 日志保存路徑

Transport

傳輸配置節(jié)點(diǎn)

Interval 每多少毫秒刷新

gRPC
gRPC配置節(jié)點(diǎn)

Servers gRPC地址，多個(gè)用逗號(hào)“,”

Timeout 創(chuàng)建gRPC鏈接的超時(shí)時(shí)間，毫秒

ConnectTimeout gRPC最長(zhǎng)鏈接時(shí)間，毫秒

在launchSettings.json文件配置SK

"profiles": { // 項(xiàng)目
    "IIS Express": { // IIS部署項(xiàng)
      "commandName": "IISExpress",
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "launchUrl": "weatherforecast",
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development",
        "ASPNETCORE_HOSTINGSTARTUPASSEMBLIES": "SkyAPM.Agent.AspNetCore",
        "SKYWALKING__SERVICENAME": "MySkyWalkingDemoTest"
      }
    },
    "SkyWalkingDemo": { // castrol部署項(xiàng)
      "commandName": "Project",
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "launchUrl": "weatherforecast",
      "applicationUrl": "http://localhost:5000",
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development",
        "ASPNETCORE_HOSTINGSTARTUPASSEMBLIES": "SkyAPM.Agent.AspNetCore", // 必須配置
        "SKYWALKING__SERVICENAME": "MySkyWalkingDemoTest" // 必須配置，在skywalking做標(biāo)識(shí)
      }
    }
  }

在startup.cs文件中添加

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddSkyApmExtensions(); // 添加Skywalking相關(guān)配置
    services.AddControllers();
    services.AddHttpClient();
}

獲取traceId

private readonly IEntrySegmentContextAccessor segContext;

public SkywalkingController(IEntrySegmentContextAccessor segContext)
{
    this.segContext = segContext;
}

/// 

/// 獲取鏈接追蹤ID
/// 
/// 
[HttpGet("traceId")]
public string GetSkywalkingTraceId()
{
    return segContext.Context.TraceId;
}

自定義調(diào)用鏈路的信息

[HttpGet]
public async Task SkywalkingTest()
{
    //獲取全局的skywalking的TracId
    var TraceId = _segContext.Context.TraceId;
    Console.WriteLine($"TraceId={TraceId}");
    _segContext.Context.Span.AddLog(LogEvent.Message($"SkywalkingTest---Worker running at: {DateTime.Now}"));

    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);

    _segContext.Context.Span.AddLog(LogEvent.Message($"SkywalkingTest---Worker running at--end: {DateTime.Now}"));

    return Ok($"Ok,SkywalkingTest-TraceId={TraceId} ");
}

接入微服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān)+后臺(tái)微服務(wù)

網(wǎng)關(guān)接入

添加依賴

拷貝配置文件并簡(jiǎn)單修改

{
  "SkyWalking": {
    "ServiceName": "MySkyWalking_Gateway", #修改名稱就OK
    "Namespace": "",
    "HeaderVersions": [
      "sw8"
    ],
    "Sampling": {
      "SamplePer3Secs": -1,
      "Percentage": -1.0
    },
    "Logging": {
      "Level": "Debug",
      "FilePath": "logs\skyapm-{Date}.log"
    },
    "Transport": {
      "Interval": 3000,
      "ProtocolVersion": "v8",
      "QueueSize": 30000,
      "BatchSize": 3000,
      "gRPC": {
        "Servers": "192.168.3.245:11800",
        "Timeout": 10000,
        "ConnectTimeout": 10000,
        "ReportTimeout": 600000,
        "Authentication": ""
      }
    }
  }
}

在launchsettings.json添加環(huán)境變量

"profiles": {
    "Zhaoxi.MicroService.GatewayCenter": {
      "commandName": "Project",
      "dotnetRunMessages": true,
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "launchUrl": "swagger",
      "applicationUrl": "https://localhost:7141;http://localhost:5141",
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development",
        "ASPNETCORE_HOSTINGSTARTUPASSEMBLIES": "SkyAPM.Agent.AspNetCore", #添加HOST變量
        "SKYWALKING__SERVICENAME": "MySkyWalking_Gateway" #添加服務(wù)名稱
      }
    },
    "IIS Express": {
      "commandName": "IISExpress",
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "launchUrl": "swagger",
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development",
        "ASPNETCORE_HOSTINGSTARTUPASSEMBLIES": "SkyAPM.Agent.AspNetCore",
        "SKYWALKING__SERVICENAME": "MySkyWalking_Gateway"
      }
    }
  }

修改網(wǎng)關(guān)配置文件，添加OrderServiceInstance微服務(wù)的路由

{
    "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{url}", //服務(wù)地址--url變量
    "DownstreamScheme": "http",
    "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/microservice/{url}", //網(wǎng)關(guān)地址--url變量
    "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get", "Post" ],
    "UseServiceDiscovery": true,
    "ServiceName": "OrderService", //consul服務(wù)名稱
    "LoadBalancerOptions": {
        "Type": "RoundRobin" //輪詢
}

啟動(dòng)網(wǎng)關(guān)

dotnet run --urls=http://*:6299

訂單微服務(wù)接入

添加依賴

拷貝配置文件并簡(jiǎn)單修改

{
  "SkyWalking": {
    "ServiceName": "MySkyWalking_OrderService",
    "Namespace": "",
    "HeaderVersions": [
      "sw8"
    ],
    "Sampling": {
      "SamplePer3Secs": -1,
      "Percentage": -1.0
    },
    "Logging": {
      "Level": "Debug",
      "FilePath": "logs\skyapm-{Date}.log"
    },
    "Transport": {
      "Interval": 3000,
      "ProtocolVersion": "v8",
      "QueueSize": 30000,
      "BatchSize": 3000,
      "gRPC": {
        "Servers": "192.168.3.245:11800",
        "Timeout": 10000,
        "ConnectTimeout": 10000,
        "ReportTimeout": 600000,
        "Authentication": ""
      }
    }
  }
}

在launchsettings.json添加環(huán)境變量

"profiles": {
    "Zhaoxi.MicroService.OrderServiceInstance": {
      "commandName": "Project",
      "dotnetRunMessages": true,
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "launchUrl": "swagger",
      "applicationUrl": "http://192.168.3.105:7900",
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development",
        "ASPNETCORE_HOSTINGSTARTUPASSEMBLIES": "SkyAPM.Agent.AspNetCore",
        "SKYWALKING__SERVICENAME": "MySkyWalking_OrderService"
      }
    },
    "IIS Express": {
      "commandName": "IISExpress",
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "launchUrl": "swagger",
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
      }
    }
  }

啟動(dòng)訂單微服務(wù)

dotnet run

用戶微服務(wù)接入

步驟和訂單微服務(wù)一樣

配置Skywalking告警

配置告警規(guī)則

docker exec -it 12f053748e85 /bin/sh

ls -l

查閱配置規(guī)則文件及配置規(guī)則解讀

通過cat alarm-settings.yml可以查閱文件內(nèi)容，如下：

docker cp 12f053748e85:/skywalking/config/alarm-settings.yml .

# Sample alarm rules.
rules:
  # Rule unique name, must be ended with `_rule`.
  service_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: service_resp_time
    op: ">"
    threshold: 1000
    period: 10
    count: 3
    silence-period: 5
    message: Response time of service {name} is more than 1000ms in 3 minutes of last 10 minutes.
  service_sla_rule:
    # Metrics value need to be long, double or int
    metrics-name: service_sla
    op: "<"
    threshold: 8000
    # The length of time to evaluate the metrics
    period: 10
    # How many times after the metrics match the condition, will trigger alarm
    count: 2
    # How many times of checks, the alarm keeps silence after alarm triggered, default as same as period.
    silence-period: 3
    message: Successful rate of service {name} is lower than 80% in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
  service_resp_time_percentile_rule:
    # Metrics value need to be long, double or int
    metrics-name: service_percentile
    op: ">"
    threshold: 1000,1000,1000,1000,1000
    period: 10
    count: 3
    silence-period: 5
    message: Percentile response time of service {name} alarm in 3 minutes of last 10 minutes, due to more than one condition of p50 > 1000, p75 > 1000, p90 > 1000, p95 > 1000, p99 > 1000
  service_instance_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: service_instance_resp_time
    op: ">"
    threshold: 1000
    period: 10
    count: 2
    silence-period: 5
    message: Response time of service instance {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
  database_access_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: database_access_resp_time
    threshold: 1000
    op: ">"
    period: 10
    count: 2
    message: Response time of database access {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
  endpoint_relation_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: endpoint_relation_resp_time
    threshold: 1000
    op: ">"
    period: 10
    count: 2
    message: Response time of endpoint relation {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
#  Active endpoint related metrics alarm will cost more memory than service and service instance metrics alarm.
#  Because the number of endpoint is much more than service and instance.
#
#  endpoint_avg_rule:
#    metrics-name: endpoint_avg
#    op: ">"
#    threshold: 1000
#    period: 10
#    count: 2
#    silence-period: 5
#    message: Response time of endpoint {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes

webhooks:
#  - http://127.0.0.1/notify/
#  - http://127.0.0.1/go-wechat/

規(guī)則常用指標(biāo)解讀：
rule name： 規(guī)則名稱，必須唯一，必須以_rule結(jié)尾；
metrics name： oal(Observability Analysis Language)腳本中的度量名；名稱在SkyWalking后端服務(wù)中已經(jīng)定義，進(jìn)入容器skywalking-oap之后，進(jìn)入如下目錄就可以找到。

include names： 本規(guī)則告警生效的實(shí)體名稱，如服務(wù)名，終端名；
exclude-names：將此規(guī)則作用于不匹配的實(shí)體名稱上，如服務(wù)名，終端名；
threshold： 閾值，可以是一個(gè)數(shù)組，即可以配置多個(gè)值；
op： 操作符, 可以設(shè)定 >, <, =；
period： 多久檢查一次當(dāng)前的指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)是否符合告警規(guī)則；以分鐘為單位
count： 超過閾值條件，達(dá)到count次數(shù)，觸發(fā)告警；
silence period：在同一個(gè)周期，指定的silence period時(shí)間內(nèi)，忽略相同的告警消息；
更多告警規(guī)則詳情，請(qǐng)參照這個(gè)地址：https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/master/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-alarm.md

修改告警規(guī)則

rules:
service_test_sal_rule:
# 指定指標(biāo)名稱
    metrics-name: service_test_sal
    # 小于
    op: "<"
    # 指定閾值
    threshold: 8000
    # 每2分鐘檢測(cè)告警該規(guī)則
    period: 2
    # 觸發(fā)1次規(guī)則就告警
    count: 1
    # 設(shè)置三分鐘內(nèi)容相同告警，不重復(fù)告警
    silence-period: 3
    # 配置告警信息
    message: Successful rate of service {name} is lower than 80% in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes

概要：服務(wù)成功率在過去2分鐘內(nèi)低于80%

告警API編寫

本質(zhì)還是SkyWalking根據(jù)規(guī)則進(jìn)行檢查，如果符合規(guī)則條件，就通過WebHook、gRPCHook、WeChat Hook、Dingtalk Hook等方式進(jìn)行消息通知；接收到告警數(shù)據(jù)信息之后，可以自行處理消息。這里為了方便，就采用WebHook的方式進(jìn)行演示，即觸發(fā)告警條件之后，SkyWalking會(huì)調(diào)用配置的WebHook 接口，并傳遞對(duì)應(yīng)的告警信息；

定義數(shù)據(jù)模型

public class AlarmMsg
{
    public int scopeId { get; set; }
    public string? scope { get; set; }
    public string? name { get; set; }
    public string? id0 { get; set; }
    public string? id1 { get; set; }
    public string? ruleName { get; set; }
    public string? alarmMessage { get; set; }
}

定義WebHook調(diào)用API

/// 

/// 告警API
/// 
/// 
/// 
[HttpPost("AlarmMsg")]
public void AlarmMsg(List msgs)
{
    string msg = "觸發(fā)告警：";
    msg += msgs.FirstOrDefault()?.alarmMessage;
    Console.WriteLine(msg);
    SendMail(msg);
}

配置webHook

http://192.168.3.105:7900/api/Skywalking/AlarmMsg

# Sample alarm rules.
rules:
  # Rule unique name, must be ended with `_rule`.
  service_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: service_resp_time
    op: ">"
    threshold: 1000
    period: 10
    count: 3
    silence-period: 5
    message: Response time of service {name} is more than 1000ms in 3 minutes of last 10 minutes.
  service_sla_rule:
    # Metrics value need to be long, double or int
    metrics-name: service_sla
    op: "<"
    threshold: 8000
    # The length of time to evaluate the metrics
    period: 10
    # How many times after the metrics match the condition, will trigger alarm
    count: 2
    # How many times of checks, the alarm keeps silence after alarm triggered, default as same as period.
    silence-period: 3
    message: Successful rate of service {name} is lower than 80% in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
  service_resp_time_percentile_rule:
    # Metrics value need to be long, double or int
    metrics-name: service_percentile
    op: ">"
    threshold: 1000,1000,1000,1000,1000
    period: 10
    count: 3
    silence-period: 5
    message: Percentile response time of service {name} alarm in 3 minutes of last 10 minutes, due to more than one condition of p50 > 1000, p75 > 1000, p90 > 1000, p95 > 1000, p99 > 1000
  service_instance_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: service_instance_resp_time
    op: ">"
    threshold: 1000
    period: 10
    count: 2
    silence-period: 5
    message: Response time of service instance {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
  database_access_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: database_access_resp_time
    threshold: 1000
    op: ">"
    period: 10
    count: 2
    message: Response time of database access {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
  endpoint_relation_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: endpoint_relation_resp_time
    threshold: 1000
    op: ">"
    period: 10
    count: 2
    message: Response time of endpoint relation {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
#  Active endpoint related metrics alarm will cost more memory than service and service instance metrics alarm.
#  Because the number of endpoint is much more than service and instance.
#
#  endpoint_avg_rule:
#    metrics-name: endpoint_avg
#    op: ">"
#    threshold: 1000
#    period: 10
#    count: 2
#    silence-period: 5
#    message: Response time of endpoint {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes

webhooks:
  - http://192.168.3.105:7900/api/Skywalking/AlarmMsg
#  - http://127.0.0.1/go-wechat/

rules:
  # 告警規(guī)則名稱，必須唯一，以_rule結(jié)尾
  service_sla_rule:
     # 指定metrics-name
     metrics-name: service_sla
     # 小于
     op: "<" 
     # 指定閾值
     threshold: 8000                                                                           
     # 10分鐘檢測(cè)一次告警規(guī)則                                                 
     period: 10                                                                                 
     # 觸發(fā)2次告警規(guī)則就告警                   
     count: 2                                                                                   
     # 設(shè)置的3分鐘時(shí)間段有相同的告警，不重復(fù)告警.
     silence-period: 3 
      # 配置告警消息
     message: Successful rate of service {name} is lower than 80% in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
webhooks:
- http://192.168.3.105:7900/api/Skywalking/AlarmMsg