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DRBD + keepalived實(shí)現(xiàn)文件實(shí)時(shí)同步和雙機(jī)熱備

安裝DRBD

系統(tǒng)初始化設(shè)置

注意：需要有數(shù)據(jù)盤或者多的分區(qū)

yum update -y

關(guān)閉防火墻

	systemctl stop firewalld

	systemctl disable firewalld

修改host文件

	vim /etc/hosts
	192.168.1.240 Primary kylin-01
	192.168.1.241 Secondary kylin-02

關(guān)閉SELINUX

	vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
	SELINUX=disabled

安裝依賴

yum install gcc libxslt-devel libxslt perl keyutils-libs-devel net-tools -y

下載源碼編譯安裝

drbd需要兩個(gè)安裝報(bào)：drbd drbd-utils

drbd 安裝

	wget https://pkg.linbit.com//downloads/drbd/9/drbd-9.2.8.tar.gz
	tar -zxvf drbd-9.2.8.tar.gz
	cd drbd-9.2.8
	make && make install

drbd-utils 安裝

	wget https://pkg.linbit.com//downloads/drbd/utils/drbd-utils-9.27.0.tar.gz
	tar -zxvf drbd-utils-9.27.0.tar.gz
	cd drbd-utils-9.27.0
	./configure --prefix=/usr/local/drbd --without-83support --with-udev --with-initscripttype=systemd --without-manual
	make && make install

安裝配置路徑：/usr/local/drbd/etc/drbd.d 安裝路徑： /usr/sbin/drbdsetup /usr/sbin/drbdmeta /usr/sbin/drbdadm

配置drbd

磁盤分區(qū) 此處不要格式化磁盤 fdisk /dev/sdb

全局配置

global_common.conf內(nèi)容如下：

	# DRBD is the result of over a decade of development by LINBIT.
	# In case you need professional services for DRBD or have
	# feature requests visit http://www.linbit.com

	global {
	usage-count yes;

	# Decide what kind of udev symlinks you want for "implicit" volumes
	# (those without explicit volume {} block, implied vnr=0):
	# /dev/drbd/by-resource// (explicit volumes)
	# /dev/drbd/by-resource/ (default for implict)
	udev-always-use-vnr; # treat implicit the same as explicit volumes

	# minor-count dialog-refresh disable-ip-verification
	# cmd-timeout-short 5; cmd-timeout-medium 121; cmd-timeout-long 600;
	}

	common {
	handlers {
	# These are EXAMPLE handlers only.
	# They may have severe implications,
	# like hard resetting the node under certain circumstances.
	# Be careful when choosing your poison.

	# IMPORTANT: most of the following scripts symlink to "notify.sh" which tries to send mail via "mail".
	# If you intend to use this notify.sh script make sure that "mail" is installed.
	#
	pri-on-incon-degr "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-on-incon-degr.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
	pri-lost-after-sb "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-lost-after-sb.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
	local-io-error "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-io-error.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-shutdown.sh; echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f";
	# fence-peer "/usr/lib/drbd/crm-fence-peer.sh";
	# split-brain "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-split-brain.sh root";
	# out-of-sync "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-out-of-sync.sh root";
	# before-resync-target "/usr/lib/drbd/snapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh -p 15 -- -c 16k";
	# after-resync-target /usr/lib/drbd/unsnapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh;
	# quorum-lost "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-quorum-lost.sh root";
	# disconnected /bin/true;
	}

	startup {
	# wfc-timeout degr-wfc-timeout outdated-wfc-timeout wait-after-sb
	}

	options {
	# cpu-mask on-no-data-accessible

	# RECOMMENDED for three or more storage nodes with DRBD 9:
	# quorum majority;
	# on-no-quorum suspend-io \| io-error;
	}

	disk {
	on-io-error detach; #配置I/O錯(cuò)誤處理策略為分離
	# size on-io-error fencing disk-barrier disk-flushes
	# disk-drain md-flushes resync-rate resync-after al-extents
	# c-plan-ahead c-delay-target c-fill-target c-max-rate
	# c-min-rate disk-timeout
	}

	net {
	# protocol timeout max-epoch-size max-buffers
	# connect-int ping-int sndbuf-size rcvbuf-size ko-count
	# allow-two-primaries cram-hmac-alg shared-secret after-sb-0pri
	# after-sb-1pri after-sb-2pri always-asbp rr-conflict
	# ping-timeout data-integrity-alg tcp-cork on-congestion
	# congestion-fill congestion-extents csums-alg verify-alg
	# use-rle

	}
	}

資源配置

在node1、node2 上分別建立drbd.res： drbd.d目錄下新建資源文件（drbd.res） vim /usr/local/drbd/etc/drbd.d/drbd.res

	resource r1 { #這個(gè)r1是定義資源的名字
	protocol C;
	on kylin-01 { #on開頭，后面是主機(jī)名稱
	device /dev/drbd0; #drbd設(shè)備名稱
	disk /dev/sdb1; #drbd0使用的磁盤分區(qū)為sdb1
	address 192.168.1.240:7789; #設(shè)置drbd監(jiān)聽地址與端口
	meta-disk internal;
	}
	on kylin-02 { #on開頭，后面是主機(jī)名稱
	device /dev/drbd0; #drbd設(shè)備名稱
	disk /dev/sdb1; #drbd0使用的磁盤分區(qū)為sdb1
	address 192.168.1.241:7789; #設(shè)置drbd監(jiān)聽地址與端口
	meta-disk internal;
	}
	}

在node1、node2 上初始化資源、啟動(dòng)drbd：

	[root@kylin-01 drbd.d]# drbdadm create-md r1
	initializing activity log
	initializing bitmap (640 KB) to all zero
	Writing meta data...
	New drbd meta data block successfully created.
	#啟動(dòng) 兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)需要同時(shí)啟動(dòng)才生效
	[root@kylin-01 drbd.d]# systemctl start drbd
	# 開機(jī)啟動(dòng)
	[root@kylin-01 drbd.d]# systemctl enable drbd
	# 查看狀態(tài)
	[root@kylin-01 drbd.d]# systemctl status drbd
	# 查看狀態(tài)
	netstat -anput\|grep 7789
	tcp 0 0 192.168.1.240:33015 192.168.1.241:7789 ESTABLISHED -
	tcp 0 0 192.168.1.240:40897 192.168.1.241:7789 ESTABLISHED -

檢查資源狀態(tài)：

	#查看節(jié)點(diǎn)角色狀態(tài)：
	drbdadm role r1
	注：第一次啟動(dòng)drbd時(shí)，兩個(gè)drbd節(jié)點(diǎn)默認(rèn)都處于Secondary狀態(tài)

主節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行設(shè)置主節(jié)點(diǎn)：

	#初始化資源
	drbdadm primary --force r1
	#查看資源狀態(tài)
	drbdadm status r1
	r1 role:Primary
	disk:UpToDate
	kylin-02 role:Secondary
	replication:SyncSource peer-disk:Inconsistent done:6.16
	#查看同步狀態(tài)
	cat /proc/drbd
	version: 9.2.8 (api:2/proto:86-122)
	GIT-hash: e163b05a76254c0f51f999970e861d72bb16409a build by root@kylin-01, 2024-04-08 1556
	Transports (api tcp (9.2.8)
	會(huì)把主機(jī)上的數(shù)據(jù)傳到備機(jī)，開始會(huì)顯示同步進(jìn)度，過(guò)一會(huì)顯示狀態(tài)都是”實(shí)時(shí)”,表示數(shù)據(jù)同步完成了。接下來(lái)就可以使用DRBD了。

DRBD使用（測(cè)試）

你現(xiàn)在可以把主機(jī)上的DRBD設(shè)備掛載到一個(gè)目錄上進(jìn)行使用，備機(jī)的DRBD設(shè)備無(wú)法被掛載,因?yàn)樗怯脕?lái)接收主機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)的,由DRBD負(fù)責(zé)操作.

格式化文件系統(tǒng)（文件格式根據(jù)自己的系統(tǒng)環(huán)境選擇）

mkfs.ext4 /dev/drbd0

掛載此文件系統(tǒng)

	mkdir /data
	mount /dev/drbd0 /data/

在掛載data目錄中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)測(cè)試文件，然后卸載掛載目錄，然后切換主備節(jié)點(diǎn)，在備用節(jié)點(diǎn)上查看剛剛建立的測(cè)試文件還是否存在

node1:

	[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /data/test
	將node1變?yōu)閭溆霉?jié)點(diǎn)
	[root@node1 ~]# umount /data/
	[root@node1 ~]# drbdadm secondary r1
	[root@node1 ~]# drbdadm role r1
	Secondary

node2:

	將node2變?yōu)橹鞴?jié)點(diǎn)
	[root@node2 ~]# drbdadm primary r1
	[root@node2 ~]# drbdadm role r1
	Primary/Secondary
	掛載設(shè)備，然后看文件是否存在
	[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/drbd0 /data
	[root@node2 ~]# cd /data/
	[root@node2 mnt]# ls
	test
	OK! 到這里已經(jīng)算是完成了！

同樣，在Node2上建立文件，然后

卸載/mnt/：umount /mnt/

將Node2降級(jí)成備用節(jié)點(diǎn)：drbdadm secondary r1

在Node1上升級(jí)為主機(jī)節(jié)點(diǎn)：drbdadm primary r1

在Node1上掛載：mount /dev/drbd0 /data

會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)Node2上的文件也同步到了Node1上。

問(wèn)題

1、umount時(shí)，如果提示device is busy，使用下面方法解決： fuser -m /data 顯示：/data: 25023c 然后kill -9 25023 即可

2、"Split-Brain"（腦裂）的情況：

假設(shè)把Primary主機(jī)的的eth0設(shè)備宕掉，然后直接在Secondary主機(jī)上進(jìn)行提權(quán)升級(jí)為DRBD的主節(jié)點(diǎn)，并且mount掛載DRBD，這時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)之前在Primary主機(jī)上寫入的數(shù)據(jù)文件確實(shí)同步過(guò)來(lái)了。接著再把Primary主機(jī)的eth0設(shè)備恢復(fù)，看看有沒有自動(dòng)恢復(fù) 主從關(guān)系。經(jīng)過(guò)查看，發(fā)現(xiàn)DRBD檢測(cè)出了Split-Brain的狀況，也就是兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都處于standalone狀態(tài)，故障描述如下：Split-Brain detected,dropping connection! 這就是傳說(shuō)中的“腦裂”。

DRBD官方推薦的手動(dòng)恢復(fù)方案：

Secondary主機(jī)上的操作

	drbdadm secondary r0

	drbdadm disconnect all

	drbdadm --discard-my-data connect r0 //或者"drbdadm -- --discard-my-data connect r0"

Primary主機(jī)上的操作

	drbdadm disconnect all

	drbdadm connect r0

	drbdsetup /dev/drbd0 primary

檢查drdb狀態(tài)

	[root@kylin-01 ~]# drbdadm status r1
	r1 role:Primary
	disk:UpToDate
	kylin-02 role:Secondary
	peer-disk:UpToDate

安裝keepalived

直接采用yum安裝

yum install -y keepalived

查看keepalived版本

	[root@kylin-02 keepalived]# keepalived -v
	Keepalived v2.0.20 (01/22,2020)

	Copyright(C) 2001-2020 Alexandre Cassen,

	Built with kernel headers for Linux 4.19.90
	Running on Linux 4.19.90-52.25.v2207.ky10.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Jun 2 1228 CST 2023
	..........

更改keepalived配置

注：本處采用pgsql測(cè)試兩個(gè)機(jī)器數(shù)據(jù)同步

pg docker-compose的文件(docker的配置安裝請(qǐng)自行百度)

	version: "3"
	services:
	postgresql:
	image: postgres:11.8
	container_name: postgres
	hostname: postgres
	ports:
	- "5432:5432"
	volumes:
	- "/data/pgsql:/var/lib/postgresql/data"
	- "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime"
	restart: on-failure
	logging:
	driver: "json-file"
	options:
	tag: postgres
	cap_add:
	- ALL
	environment:
	POSTGRES_USER: "root"
	POSTGRES_PASSWORD: "123456"
	ALLOW_IP_RANGE: "0.0.0.0/0"

	cd /etc/keepalived
	vim keepalived.conf

主節(jié)點(diǎn)keepalived.conf 文件內(nèi)容如下：

注意：再執(zhí)行stop腳本時(shí)不能直接執(zhí)行，需要采用腳本調(diào)用腳本的方式執(zhí)行，否則執(zhí)行不完就會(huì)被kill掉（原因暫時(shí)沒弄清楚）

	! Configuration File for keepalived

	global_defs {
	#notification_email {
	# acassen@firewall.loc
	# failover@firewall.loc
	# sysadmin@firewall.loc
	#}
	#notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
	#smtp_server 192.168.200.1
	#smtp_connect_timeout 30
	router_id kylin-02 # 節(jié)點(diǎn)標(biāo)識(shí)，主機(jī)名
	vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
	vrrp_strict
	vrrp_garp_interval 0
	vrrp_gna_interval 0
	}

	vrrp_instance VI_1 {
	state BACKUP
	interface ens32 # 網(wǎng)卡
	virtual_router_id 51
	priority 100 # 節(jié)點(diǎn)權(quán)重，主節(jié)點(diǎn)100 備節(jié)點(diǎn)小于100，數(shù)字越大優(yōu)先級(jí)越高
	mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.240 # 本機(jī)IP
	advert_int 1
	authentication {
	auth_type PASS
	auth_pass 1111
	}
	virtual_ipaddress {
	192.168.1.239 # 綁定的虛擬IP
	}
	notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh" # 節(jié)點(diǎn)為master時(shí)執(zhí)行腳本
	notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify_back.sh" # 切換為備節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí)執(zhí)行腳本
	notify_stop "/etc/keepalived/notify_back.sh" # stop keepalived時(shí)執(zhí)行的腳本
	}

備節(jié)點(diǎn)keepalived.conf 文件內(nèi)容如下：

	! Configuration File for keepalived

	global_defs {
	#notification_email {
	# acassen@firewall.loc
	# failover@firewall.loc
	# sysadmin@firewall.loc
	#}
	#notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
	#smtp_server 192.168.200.1
	#smtp_connect_timeout 30
	router_id kylin-02 # 節(jié)點(diǎn)標(biāo)識(shí)，主機(jī)名
	vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
	vrrp_strict
	vrrp_garp_interval 0
	vrrp_gna_interval 0
	}

	vrrp_instance VI_1 {
	state BACKUP
	interface ens32
	virtual_router_id 51
	priority 99 # 節(jié)點(diǎn)權(quán)重，主節(jié)點(diǎn)100 備節(jié)點(diǎn)小于100，數(shù)字越大優(yōu)先級(jí)越高
	mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.241 # 本機(jī)IP
	advert_int 1
	authentication {
	auth_type PASS
	auth_pass 1111
	}
	virtual_ipaddress {
	192.168.1.239
	}
	notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh"
	notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify_back.sh"
	notify_stop "/etc/keepalived/notify_back.sh"
	}

notify.sh

	#!/bin/bash
	drbdadm primary r1
	while true
	do
	drdbs=$(drbdadm role r1)
	echo "drbd status is $drdbs"
	if [[ "$drdbs" == "Primary" ]];then
	break
	else
	drbdadm primary r1
	sleep 3
	fi
	done
	mount /dev/drbd0 /data
	docker-compose -f /opt/pgsql/docker-compose.yml up -d

stop.sh

	#!/bin/bash
	docker stop postgres
	umount /data/
	drbdadm secondary r1
	while true
	do
	drdbs=$(drbdadm role r1)
	echo "drbd status is $drdbs"
	if [[ "$drdbs"=="Secondary" ]];then
	break
	else
	drbdadm secondary r1
	sleep 3
	fi
	done

notify_back.sh

	#!/bin/bash
	/etc/keepalived/stop.sh

啟動(dòng)keepalived

systemctl start keepalived

開機(jī)啟動(dòng)

systemctl enable keepalived

驗(yàn)證

在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里面執(zhí)行創(chuàng)建刪除，切換keepalived節(jié)點(diǎn)后查看數(shù)據(jù)是否同步

鏈接：https://www.cnblogs.com/pgyLang/p/18124303

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原文標(biāo)題：安裝keepalived

文章出處：【微信號(hào)：magedu-Linux，微信公眾號(hào)：馬哥Linux運(yùn)維】歡迎添加關(guān)注！文章轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。

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