射頻開(kāi)關(guān)增加靈活性

　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)械開(kāi)關(guān)不能正常工作。在高頻率時(shí)，信號(hào)耦合可能發(fā)生在機(jī)械接觸間隙上，在高通濾波器中它可以像電容器一樣。較長(zhǎng)的間隙減少耦合，但執(zhí)行大小問(wèn)題。

　　半導(dǎo)體射頻開(kāi)關(guān)是一類(lèi)在有源時(shí)通過(guò)期望的頻帶，并在不活動(dòng)時(shí)嚴(yán)重衰減的電路?；コ饧?jí)聯(lián)開(kāi)關(guān)允許射頻信號(hào)多路復(fù)用，從而允許現(xiàn)代設(shè)備共享天線(xiàn)或?qū)?a href='http://www.www27dydycom.cn/tongxin/rf/' target='_blank' class='arckwlink_none'>RF路由到不同的階段。

　　此外，使用板載PCB天線(xiàn)或外部天線(xiàn)的能力需要在同一個(gè)板上的兩個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)之間切換。射頻開(kāi)關(guān)增加了支持兩個(gè)主板的靈活性。

　　這篇文章著眼于射頻開(kāi)關(guān)技術(shù)和可供多功能射頻設(shè)計(jì)工程師使用的部件，如藍(lán)牙和Wi-Fi。它將討論大小、功耗和包裝選項(xiàng)，以及當(dāng)前可用產(chǎn)品所提供的限制。

　　Pin diode switches

　　Semiconductor switches for RF low power applications are widely used and a well understood technology. It is important to note the low power caveat， as high power switches will use specialty materials. Older ham radios， for example， still use mercury switches， admittedly not the most environmentally friendly material， but very effective at switching high power and completely safe when used properly.

　　For the vast majority of designs， power levels are in the range of micro-Watts to Watts， meaning semiconductor technology can easily perform well here – and it does. Two main technologies used for RF switching are PIN diode and transistor-based RF switches.

　　The PIN diode switch takes advantage of a ‘near intrinsic’ （lightly doped） semiconductor layer between highly doped P and N type semiconductor junctions （Figure 1）。 The high doping preserves low Ohmic resistance， since these are contact points for the switch.