用于能量收集應(yīng)用的存儲替代方案

　　替代能源間歇性地提供少量電力，有時(shí)功率水平可能與依賴它們的應(yīng)用程序的需求不相匹配。需要某種形式的能量存儲，盡管解決方案會隨應(yīng)用程序的需求而變化。本文將研究各種能量緩沖解決方案，包括小外形電池、薄膜電池和超級電容器，著重說明它們的規(guī)格和最適合它們的應(yīng)用。

　　供應(yīng)方面

　　正如半導(dǎo)體緩沖區(qū)在處理器和內(nèi)存之間平滑數(shù)據(jù)流一樣，能量收集源及其相關(guān)應(yīng)用程序之間需要某種緩沖。所需緩沖量與供需不匹配的比例成比例增加。

　　On the supply side there is a great deal of variability in the amount of power available from different energy harvesting sources （see Table 1）。 With the exception of the ambient RF， typical energy harvesting devices can supply anywhere from 10 μW to 1 mW， though rarely on a steady basis. Solar power is obviously only available when the sun is out; vibration/motion sources only work when the motor is turned on or the person being monitored is moving; and thermal sources only work when there is a reliable source of heat and a heat sink to generate the temperature gradient required by thermal electric generators （TEG‘s）.