一、業(yè)務(wù)背景
有些業(yè)務(wù)請(qǐng)求,屬于耗時(shí)操作,需要加鎖,防止后續(xù)的并發(fā)操作,同時(shí)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行操作,需要避免對(duì)之前的業(yè)務(wù)造成影響。
二、分析流程
使用 Redis 作為分布式鎖,將鎖的狀態(tài)放到 Redis 統(tǒng)一維護(hù),解決集群中單機(jī) JVM 信息不互通的問(wèn)題,規(guī)定操作順序,保護(hù)用戶的數(shù)據(jù)正確。
梳理設(shè)計(jì)流程
1、新建注解 @interface,在注解里設(shè)定入?yún)?biāo)志
2、增加 AOP 切點(diǎn),掃描特定注解
3、建立 @Aspect 切面任務(wù),注冊(cè) bean 和攔截特定方法
4、特定方法參數(shù) ProceedingJoinPoint,對(duì)方法 pjp.proceed() 前后進(jìn)行攔截
5、切點(diǎn)前進(jìn)行加鎖,任務(wù)執(zhí)行后進(jìn)行刪除 key
核心步驟:加鎖、解鎖和續(xù)時(shí)
加鎖
使用了 RedisTemplate 的 opsForValue.setIfAbsent 方法,判斷是否有 key,設(shè)定一個(gè)隨機(jī)數(shù) UUID.random().toString,生成一個(gè)隨機(jī)數(shù)作為 value。
從 redis 中獲取鎖之后,對(duì) key 設(shè)定 expire 失效時(shí)間,到期后自動(dòng)釋放鎖。
按照這種設(shè)計(jì),只有第一個(gè)成功設(shè)定 Key 的請(qǐng)求,才能進(jìn)行后續(xù)的數(shù)據(jù)操作,后續(xù)其它請(qǐng)求由于無(wú)法獲得資源,將會(huì)失敗結(jié)束。
超時(shí)問(wèn)題
擔(dān)心 pjp.proceed() 切點(diǎn)執(zhí)行的方法太耗時(shí),導(dǎo)致 Redis 中的 key 由于超時(shí)提前釋放了。
例如,線程 A 先獲取鎖,proceed 方法耗時(shí),超過(guò)了鎖超時(shí)時(shí)間,到期釋放了鎖,這時(shí)另一個(gè)線程 B 成功獲取 Redis 鎖,兩個(gè)線程同時(shí)對(duì)同一批數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行操作,導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)不準(zhǔn)確。
解決方案:增加一個(gè)「續(xù)時(shí)」
任務(wù)不完成,鎖不釋放:
維護(hù)了一個(gè)定時(shí)線程池 ScheduledExecutorService,每隔 2s 去掃描加入隊(duì)列中的 Task,判斷是否失效時(shí)間是否快到了,公式為:【失效時(shí)間】<= 【當(dāng)前時(shí)間】+【失效間隔(三分之一超時(shí))】
/** ?*?線程池,每個(gè)?JVM?使用一個(gè)線程去維護(hù)?keyAliveTime,定時(shí)執(zhí)行?runnable ?*/ private?static?final?ScheduledExecutorService?SCHEDULER?=? ????new?ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1,? ????????????????????????????????????new?BasicThreadFactory.Builder().namingPattern("redisLock-schedule-pool").daemon(true).build()); static?{ ????SCHEDULER.scheduleAtFixedRate(()?->?{ ????????//?do?something?to?extend?time ????},?0,??2,?TimeUnit.SECONDS); }
三、設(shè)計(jì)方案
經(jīng)過(guò)上面的分析,設(shè)計(jì)出了這個(gè)方案:
前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)了整體流程,這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一下幾個(gè)核心步驟:
攔截注解 @RedisLock,獲取必要的參數(shù)
加鎖操作
續(xù)時(shí)操作
結(jié)束業(yè)務(wù),釋放鎖
四、實(shí)操
之前也有整理過(guò) AOP 使用方法,可以參考一下
相關(guān)屬性類(lèi)配置
業(yè)務(wù)屬性枚舉設(shè)定
public?enum?RedisLockTypeEnum?{
????/** ?????*?自定義?key?前綴 ?????*/ ????ONE("Business1",?"Test1"), ????TWO("Business2",?"Test2"); ????private?String?code; ????private?String?desc; ????RedisLockTypeEnum(String?code,?String?desc)?{ ????????this.code?=?code; ????????this.desc?=?desc; ????} ????public?String?getCode()?{ ????????return?code; ????} ????public?String?getDesc()?{ ????????return?desc; ????} ????public?String?getUniqueKey(String?key)?{ ????????return?String.format("%s:%s",?this.getCode(),?key); ????} }
任務(wù)隊(duì)列保存參數(shù)
public?class?RedisLockDefinitionHolder?{ ????/** ?????*?業(yè)務(wù)唯一?key ?????*/ ????private?String?businessKey; ????/** ?????*?加鎖時(shí)間?(秒?s) ?????*/ ????private?Long?lockTime; ????/** ?????*?上次更新時(shí)間(ms) ?????*/ ????private?Long?lastModifyTime; ????/** ?????*?保存當(dāng)前線程 ?????*/ ????private?Thread?currentTread; ????/** ?????*?總共嘗試次數(shù) ?????*/ ????private?int?tryCount; ????/** ?????*?當(dāng)前嘗試次數(shù) ?????*/ ????private?int?currentCount; ????/** ?????*?更新的時(shí)間周期(毫秒),公式?=?加鎖時(shí)間(轉(zhuǎn)成毫秒)?/?3 ?????*/ ????private?Long?modifyPeriod; ????public?RedisLockDefinitionHolder(String?businessKey,?Long?lockTime,?Long?lastModifyTime,?Thread?currentTread,?int?tryCount)?{ ????????this.businessKey?=?businessKey; ????????this.lockTime?=?lockTime; ????????this.lastModifyTime?=?lastModifyTime; ????????this.currentTread?=?currentTread; ????????this.tryCount?=?tryCount; ????????this.modifyPeriod?=?lockTime?*?1000?/?3; ????} }
設(shè)定被攔截的注解名字
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target({ElementType.METHOD,?ElementType.TYPE}) public?@interface?RedisLockAnnotation?{ ????/** ?????*?特定參數(shù)識(shí)別,默認(rèn)取第?0?個(gè)下標(biāo) ?????*/ ????int?lockFiled()?default?0; ????/** ?????*?超時(shí)重試次數(shù) ?????*/ ????int?tryCount()?default?3; ????/** ?????*?自定義加鎖類(lèi)型 ?????*/ ????RedisLockTypeEnum?typeEnum(); ????/** ?????*?釋放時(shí)間,秒?s?單位 ?????*/ ????long?lockTime()?default?30; }
核心切面攔截的操作
RedisLockAspect.java 該類(lèi)分成三部分來(lái)描述具體作用
Pointcut 設(shè)定
/** ?*?@annotation?中的路徑表示攔截特定注解 ?*/ @Pointcut("@annotation(cn.sevenyuan.demo.aop.lock.RedisLockAnnotation)") public?void?redisLockPC()?{ }
Around 前后進(jìn)行加鎖和釋放鎖 前面步驟定義了我們想要攔截的切點(diǎn),下一步就是在切點(diǎn)前后做一些自定義操作:
@Around(value?=?"redisLockPC()") public?Object?around(ProceedingJoinPoint?pjp)?throws?Throwable?{ ????//?解析參數(shù) ????Method?method?=?resolveMethod(pjp); ????RedisLockAnnotation?annotation?=?method.getAnnotation(RedisLockAnnotation.class); ????RedisLockTypeEnum?typeEnum?=?annotation.typeEnum(); ????Object[]?params?=?pjp.getArgs(); ????String?ukString?=?params[annotation.lockFiled()].toString(); ????//?省略很多參數(shù)校驗(yàn)和判空 ????String?businessKey?=?typeEnum.getUniqueKey(ukString); ????String?uniqueValue?=?UUID.randomUUID().toString(); ????//?加鎖 ????Object?result?=?null; ????try?{ ????????boolean?isSuccess?=?redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(businessKey,?uniqueValue); ????????if?(!isSuccess)?{ ????????????throw?new?Exception("You?can't?do?it,because?another?has?get?the?lock?=-="); ????????} ????????redisTemplate.expire(businessKey,?annotation.lockTime(),?TimeUnit.SECONDS); ????????Thread?currentThread?=?Thread.currentThread(); ????????//?將本次?Task?信息加入「延時(shí)」隊(duì)列中 ????????holderList.add(new?RedisLockDefinitionHolder(businessKey,?annotation.lockTime(),?System.currentTimeMillis(), ????????????????currentThread,?annotation.tryCount())); ????????//?執(zhí)行業(yè)務(wù)操作 ????????result?=?pjp.proceed(); ????????//?線程被中斷,拋出異常,中斷此次請(qǐng)求 ????????if?(currentThread.isInterrupted())?{ ????????????throw?new?InterruptedException("You?had?been?interrupted?=-="); ????????} ????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e?)?{ ????????log.error("Interrupt?exception,?rollback?transaction",?e); ????????throw?new?Exception("Interrupt?exception,?please?send?request?again"); ????}?catch?(Exception?e)?{ ????????log.error("has?some?error,?please?check?again",?e); ????}?finally?{ ????????//?請(qǐng)求結(jié)束后,強(qiáng)制刪掉?key,釋放鎖 ????????redisTemplate.delete(businessKey); ????????log.info("release?the?lock,?businessKey?is?["?+?businessKey?+?"]"); ????} ????return?result; }
上述流程簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)一下:
解析注解參數(shù),獲取注解值和方法上的參數(shù)值
redis 加鎖并且設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間
將本次 Task 信息加入「延時(shí)」隊(duì)列中,進(jìn)行續(xù)時(shí),方式提前釋放鎖
加了一個(gè)線程中斷標(biāo)志
結(jié)束請(qǐng)求,finally 中釋放鎖
續(xù)時(shí)操作
這里用了 ScheduledExecutorService,維護(hù)了一個(gè)線程,不斷對(duì)任務(wù)隊(duì)列中的任務(wù)進(jìn)行判斷和延長(zhǎng)超時(shí)時(shí)間:
//?掃描的任務(wù)隊(duì)列 private?static?ConcurrentLinkedQueue?holderList?=?new?ConcurrentLinkedQueue(); /** ?*?線程池,維護(hù)keyAliveTime ?*/ private?static?final?ScheduledExecutorService?SCHEDULER?=?new?ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1, ????????new?BasicThreadFactory.Builder().namingPattern("redisLock-schedule-pool").daemon(true).build()); { ????//?兩秒執(zhí)行一次「續(xù)時(shí)」操作 ????SCHEDULER.scheduleAtFixedRate(()?->?{ ????????//?這里記得加?try-catch,否者報(bào)錯(cuò)后定時(shí)任務(wù)將不會(huì)再執(zhí)行=-= ????????Iterator ?iterator?=?holderList.iterator(); ????????while?(iterator.hasNext())?{ ????????????RedisLockDefinitionHolder?holder?=?iterator.next(); ????????????//?判空 ????????????if?(holder?==?null)?{ ????????????????iterator.remove(); ????????????????continue; ????????????} ????????????//?判斷?key?是否還有效,無(wú)效的話進(jìn)行移除 ????????????if?(redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(holder.getBusinessKey())?==?null)?{ ????????????????iterator.remove(); ????????????????continue; ????????????} ????????????//?超時(shí)重試次數(shù),超過(guò)時(shí)給線程設(shè)定中斷 ????????????if?(holder.getCurrentCount()?>?holder.getTryCount())?{ ????????????????holder.getCurrentTread().interrupt(); ????????????????iterator.remove(); ????????????????continue; ????????????} ????????????//?判斷是否進(jìn)入最后三分之一時(shí)間 ????????????long?curTime?=?System.currentTimeMillis(); ????????????boolean?shouldExtend?=?(holder.getLastModifyTime()?+?holder.getModifyPeriod())?<=?curTime; ????????????if?(shouldExtend)?{ ????????????????holder.setLastModifyTime(curTime); ????????????????redisTemplate.expire(holder.getBusinessKey(),?holder.getLockTime(),?TimeUnit.SECONDS); ????????????????log.info("businessKey?:?["?+?holder.getBusinessKey()?+?"],?try?count?:?"?+?holder.getCurrentCount()); ????????????????holder.setCurrentCount(holder.getCurrentCount()?+?1); ????????????} ????????} ????},?0,?2,?TimeUnit.SECONDS); }
這段代碼,用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)圖中虛線框的思想,避免一個(gè)請(qǐng)求十分耗時(shí),導(dǎo)致提前釋放了鎖。
這里加了「線程中斷」Thread#interrupt,希望超過(guò)重試次數(shù)后,能讓線程中斷(未經(jīng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)測(cè)試,僅供參考哈哈哈哈)
不過(guò)建議如果遇到這么耗時(shí)的請(qǐng)求,還是能夠從根源上查找,分析耗時(shí)路徑,進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)優(yōu)化或其它處理,避免這些耗時(shí)操作。
所以記得多打點(diǎn) Log,分析問(wèn)題時(shí)可以更快一點(diǎn)。
五、開(kāi)始測(cè)試
在一個(gè)入口方法中,使用該注解,然后在業(yè)務(wù)中模擬耗時(shí)請(qǐng)求,使用了 Thread#sleep
@GetMapping("/testRedisLock") @RedisLockAnnotation(typeEnum?=?RedisLockTypeEnum.ONE,?lockTime?=?3) public?Book?testRedisLock(@RequestParam("userId")?Long?userId)?{ ????try?{ ????????log.info("睡眠執(zhí)行前"); ????????Thread.sleep(10000); ????????log.info("睡眠執(zhí)行后"); ????}?catch?(Exception?e)?{ ????????//?log?error ????????log.info("has?some?error",?e); ????} ????return?null; }
使用時(shí),在方法上添加該注解,然后設(shè)定相應(yīng)參數(shù)即可,根據(jù) typeEnum 可以區(qū)分多種業(yè)務(wù),限制該業(yè)務(wù)被同時(shí)操作。
測(cè)試結(jié)果:
2020-04-04?1450.864??INFO?9326?---?[nio-8081-exec-1]?c.s.demo.controller.BookController???????:?睡眠執(zhí)行前 2020-04-04?1452.855??INFO?9326?---?[k-schedule-pool]?c.s.demo.aop.lock.RedisLockAspect????????:?businessKey?:?[Business1:1024],?try?count?:?0 2020-04-04?1454.851??INFO?9326?---?[k-schedule-pool]?c.s.demo.aop.lock.RedisLockAspect????????:?businessKey?:?[Business1:1024],?try?count?:?1 2020-04-04?1456.851??INFO?9326?---?[k-schedule-pool]?c.s.demo.aop.lock.RedisLockAspect????????:?businessKey?:?[Business1:1024],?try?count?:?2 2020-04-04?1458.852??INFO?9326?---?[k-schedule-pool]?c.s.demo.aop.lock.RedisLockAspect????????:?businessKey?:?[Business1:1024],?try?count?:?3 2020-04-04?1400.857??INFO?9326?---?[nio-8081-exec-1]?c.s.demo.controller.BookController???????:?has?some?error java.lang.InterruptedException:?sleep?interrupted ?at?java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native?Method)?[na:1.8.0_221]
我這里測(cè)試的是重試次數(shù)過(guò)多,失敗的場(chǎng)景,如果減少睡眠時(shí)間,就能讓業(yè)務(wù)正常執(zhí)行。
如果同時(shí)請(qǐng)求,你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)以下錯(cuò)誤信息:
表示我們的鎖的確生效了,避免了重復(fù)請(qǐng)求。
六、總結(jié)
對(duì)于耗時(shí)業(yè)務(wù)和核心數(shù)據(jù),不能讓重復(fù)的請(qǐng)求同時(shí)操作數(shù)據(jù),避免數(shù)據(jù)的不正確,所以要使用分布式鎖來(lái)對(duì)它們進(jìn)行保護(hù)。
再來(lái)梳理一下設(shè)計(jì)流程:
新建注解 @interface,在注解里設(shè)定入?yún)?biāo)志
增加 AOP 切點(diǎn),掃描特定注解
建立 @Aspect 切面任務(wù),注冊(cè) bean 和攔截特定方法4、特定方法參數(shù) ProceedingJoinPoint,對(duì)方法 pjp.proceed() 前后進(jìn)行攔截5、切點(diǎn)前進(jìn)行加鎖,任務(wù)執(zhí)行后進(jìn)行刪除 key
編輯:黃飛
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