4×4矩陣式鍵盤識別技術
1． 實驗任務
如圖4.14.2所示，用AT89S51的并行口P1接4×4矩陣鍵盤，以P1.0－P1.3作輸入線，以P1.4－P1.7作輸出線；在數碼管上顯示每個按鍵的“0－F”序號。對應的按鍵的序號排列如圖4.14.1所示
圖4.14.1
2． 硬件電路原理圖

圖4.14.2
3． 系統(tǒng)板上硬件連線
（1． 把“單片機系統(tǒng)“區(qū)域中的P3.0－P3.7端口用8芯排線連接到“4X4行列式鍵盤”區(qū)域中的C1－C4　R1－R4端口上；
（2． 把“單片機系統(tǒng)”區(qū)域中的P0.0/AD0－P0.7/AD7端口用8芯排線連接到“四路靜態(tài)數碼顯示模塊”區(qū)域中的任一個a－h(huán)端口上；要求：P0.0/AD0對應著a，P0.1/AD1對應著b，……，P0.7/AD7對應著h。
4． 程序設計內容
（1． 4×4矩陣鍵盤識別處理
（2． 每個按鍵有它的行值和列值　，行值和列值的組合就是識別這個按鍵的編碼。矩陣的行線和列線分別通過兩并行接口和CPU通信。每個按鍵的狀態(tài)同樣需變成數字量“0”和“1”，開關的一端（列線）通過電阻接VCC，而接地是通過程序輸出數字“0”實現的。鍵盤處理程序的任務是：確定有無鍵按下，判斷哪一個鍵按下，鍵的功能是什么；還要消除按鍵在閉合或斷開時的抖動。兩個并行口中，一個輸出掃描碼，使按鍵逐行動態(tài)接地，另一個并行口輸入按鍵狀態(tài)，由行掃描值和回饋信號共同形成鍵編碼而識別按鍵，通過軟件查表，查出該鍵的功能。
5． 程序框圖

圖4.14.3
6． 匯編源程序
KEYBUF EQU 30H
ORG 00H
START: MOV KEYBUF,#2
WAIT:
MOV P3,#0FFH
CLR P3.4
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JZ NOKEY1
LCALL DELY10MS
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JZ NOKEY1
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
CJNE A,#0EH,NK1
MOV KEYBUF,#0
LJMP DK1
NK1: CJNE A,#0DH,NK2
MOV KEYBUF,#1
LJMP DK1
NK2: CJNE A,#0BH,NK3
MOV KEYBUF,#2
LJMP DK1
NK3: CJNE A,#07H,NK4
MOV KEYBUF,#3
LJMP DK1
NK4: NOP
DK1:
MOV A,KEYBUF
MOV DPTR,#TABLE
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV P0,A

DK1A: MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JNZ DK1A
NOKEY1:
MOV P3,#0FFH
CLR P3.5
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JZ NOKEY2
LCALL DELY10MS
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JZ NOKEY2
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
CJNE A,#0EH,NK5
MOV KEYBUF,#4
LJMP DK2
NK5: CJNE A,#0DH,NK6
MOV KEYBUF,#5
LJMP DK2
NK6: CJNE A,#0BH,NK7
MOV KEYBUF,#6
LJMP DK2
NK7: CJNE A,#07H,NK8
MOV KEYBUF,#7
LJMP DK2
NK8: NOP
DK2:
MOV A,KEYBUF
MOV DPTR,#TABLE
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV P0,A

DK2A: MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JNZ DK2A
NOKEY2:
MOV P3,#0FFH
CLR P3.6
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JZ NOKEY3
LCALL DELY10MS
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JZ NOKEY3
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
CJNE A,#0EH,NK9
MOV KEYBUF,#8
LJMP DK3
NK9: CJNE A,#0DH,NK10
MOV KEYBUF,#9
LJMP DK3
NK10: CJNE A,#0BH,NK11
MOV KEYBUF,#10
LJMP DK3
NK11: CJNE A,#07H,NK12
MOV KEYBUF,#11
LJMP DK3
NK12: NOP
DK3:
MOV A,KEYBUF
MOV DPTR,#TABLE
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV P0,A

DK3A: MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JNZ DK3A
NOKEY3:
MOV P3,#0FFH
CLR P3.7
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JZ NOKEY4
LCALL DELY10MS
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JZ NOKEY4
MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
CJNE A,#0EH,NK13
MOV KEYBUF,#12
LJMP DK4
NK13: CJNE A,#0DH,NK14
MOV KEYBUF,#13
LJMP DK4
NK14: CJNE A,#0BH,NK15
MOV KEYBUF,#14
LJMP DK4
NK15: CJNE A,#07H,NK16
MOV KEYBUF,#15
LJMP DK4
NK16: NOP
DK4:
MOV A,KEYBUF
MOV DPTR,#TABLE
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV P0,A

DK4A: MOV A,P3
ANL A,#0FH
XRL A,#0FH
JNZ DK4A
NOKEY4:
LJMP WAIT
DELY10MS:
MOV R6,#10
D1: MOV R7,#248
DJNZ R7,$
DJNZ R6,D1
RET
TABLE: DB 3FH,06H,5BH,4FH,66H,6DH,7DH,07H
DB 7FH,6FH,77H,7CH,39H,5EH,79H,71H
END
7． C語言源程序
#include
unsigned char code table[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,
0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,
0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,
0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71};
unsigned char temp;
unsigned char key;
unsigned char i,j;

P3=0xff;
P3_7=0;
temp=P3;
temp=temp & 0x0f;
if (temp!=0x0f)
{
for(i=50;i>0;i--)
for(j=200;j>0;j--);
temp=P3;
temp=temp & 0x0f;
if (temp!=0x0f)
{
temp=P3;
temp=temp & 0x0f;
switch(temp)
{
case 0x0e:
key=0;
break;
case 0x0d:
key=13;
break;
case 0x0b:
key=14;
break;
case 0x07:
key=15;
break;
}
temp=P3;
P1_0=~P1_0;
P0=table[key];
temp=temp & 0x0f;
while(temp!=0x0f)
{
temp=P3;
temp=temp & 0x0f;
}
}
}
}
}